This study evaluates the effect of Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) on the mechanical properties and structure of SEBS-compatible PA6/ABS composites. Composites consisting of 50/50 PA6/ABS, 5% SEBS, and 0–20% by weight CaCO₃ were fabricated by injection molding. Tensile and flexural strengths were determined according to ISO 527-2:2012 and ISO 178:2019, respectively. The tensile strength increased with filler content, peaking at 15 wt% CaCO₃ (24.72 MPa), while flexural strength reached a maximum at 10 wt% (32.51 N/mm2). FESEM revealed a uniform dispersion of CaCO₃ particles and strong interfacial adhesion at optimal filler contents, whereas agglomeration and microvoids occurred at higher loadings. The results demonstrate that moderate CaCO₃ addition enhances stiffness and strength through effective stress transfer, while excessive loading induces brittleness due to poor interfacial bonding. This study contributes to the optimization of hybrid polymer composites for structural, automotive and precision engineering

Silicene nanoribbons (SiNRs), as one-dimensional derivatives of silicene, exhibit highly anisotropic charge transport and hold significant promise for future nanoelectronics applications. In this work, we systematically investigate the structural stability and electronic properties of hydrogen-passivated SiNRs doped with aluminum using first-principles density functional theory calculations performed with the VASP package. Several possible Al substitutional doping configurations are examined, among which three representative geometries-top, valley, and 1-1 arrangements-are identified as energetically stable, while other configurations undergo severe structural distortions or bond breaking during structural relaxation. Formation energy analysis indicates that the 1-1 alloy configuration is the most thermodynamically favorable due to the symmetric distribution of Al dopants and a balanced local bonding environment. Electronic structure calculations reveal that pristine hydrogenated SiNRs are narrow-gap semiconductors with a band gap of approximately 0.325 eV, whereas all stable Al-doped systems undergo a transition to semi-metallic behavior. This electronic transformation originates from the incorporation of group-III aluminum atoms, which introduce hole carriers and shift the Fermi level, leading to enhanced electrical conductivity. In addition, the tunability of the electronic properties is further explored under a constant external electric field of 0.15 eV/Å, demonstrating additional control over the electronic response of the doped nanoribbons. These results highlight aluminum doping, in combination with external electric-field modulation, as an effective strategy for tailoring the electronic characteristics of silicene nanoribbons and suggest promising opportunities for the design of low-dimensional materials with controllable transport properties for advanced nanoelectronics and optoelectronic applications.

This study documents the ichthyofaunal composition of the Ba River basin in Central Vietnam, recording a total of 182 species across 55 families and 15 orders. Perciformes is the most diverse order (20 families, 36.36%), while Cyprinidae is the most diverse family (24 genera, Northern element accounts for 35.84% of species, the Southern element for 59.43%, and the Mekong element for 71.69%.”21.62%). The genus Osteochilus is the most dominant, represented by 6 species (3.30%). In terms of zoogeographic elements, the Northern element accounts for 35.84% of species, the Southern element for 59.43%, and the Mekong element for 71.69%. Characterized by high taxonomic diversity, the basin functions as a biogeographical transition zone where the South China and Indochinese subregions converge. These findings position the Ba River as a pivotal ecological buffer, mediating the distribution of freshwater fish fauna between the Northern and Southern zoogeographic provinces of Vietnam.

Currently, chemical dishwashing liquids are among the most commonly used cleaning products in households due to their convenience, rapid effectiveness, and low cost. Although chemical dishwashing liquids provide significant cleaning efficiency, they pose many potential risks to human health and the environment, particularly aquatic environments. This is because industrial dishwashing liquids are mostly formulated from water combined with various chemical components such as LAS, SLS, NaOH, SLES, MgSO₄, NH₄Cl, acids, alkalis, fragrances, formaldehyde, and the antibacterial agent triclosan (Adelliya, 2021). These substances can cause numerous health problems with frequent exposure, including the risk of irritant dermatitis. Moreover, if not thoroughly rinsed off, residues may remain on dishes and enter the body, leading to serious health impacts on users, especially pregnant homemakers. In addition, when discharged into the environment, industrial dishwashing liquids contribute to environmental pollution and harm aquatic organisms (Hong-Yan et al., 2009). Given these concerns, the replacement of industrial dishwashing liquids with environmentally friendly alternatives has become increasingly necessary. The fermentation of coconut is a complex biological process in which microorganisms convert sugars in coconut water into products such as alcohols, organic acids, and flavor compounds. Coconut enzyme is fermented coconut water produced by a microbial system. Due to its organic acid content and synergistic combination with natural ingredients—including coconut ash water (for odor removal), coconut essential oil extract (cocamidopropyl betaine source), coco glucoside (foaming agent), guar gum (thickener), baking soda (NaHCO₃), and table salt (NaCl)—the formulation offers effective cleaning, skin moisturization, and safety for children and individuals with sensitive skin.

This paper presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart home model that integrates voice control and environment-based automation. The proposed system uses an ESP32 microcontroller as the main IoT communication module and an Arduino Mega 2560 for local hardware control. Several sensors and modules, including a DHT22 temperature-humidity sensor, MQ-4 gas sensor, rain sensor, and RFID authentication module, are integrated to support environmental monitoring, safety detection, and automated device operation. The system communicates with the E-Ra IoT platform to provide real-time monitoring and remote control through a web-based interface, while voice commands are implemented using Google Assistant. A physical prototype was developed and tested under normal operating conditions. Experimental results show that the system operates reliably and responds quickly to control commands, with an average response time of less than 1 second for basic device operations. The proposed model demonstrates the feasibility of building a low-cost and flexible smart home system suitable for research, educational applications, and small-scale residential environments.

This paper develops a systematic framework for polynomials over division algebras, focusing on degree, the Euclidean algorithm, left and right divisibility, greatest common divisors, and minimal polynomials. The relations among these notions are clarified, and conditions ensuring agreement between the left and right constructions are identified. The results extend key features of the commutative theory to the noncommutative setting.

This study aimed to find a suitable media for treating biogas effluent wastewater from pig farms. the research recycled polyethylene foam (PE foam) as a material and used it as a microbial adhesion media and immersed in the wastewater of an Aerotank model. The experiment was performed with 3 treatments and three repetitions, including: Aerotank with media from PE foam (treatment 1); Aerotank with MBBR biochip (treatment 2); and Aerotank without media (treatment 3(control)). The results showed that the PE foam media exhibited higher treatment efficiency than the commercially available media (MBBR biochip) and the control, with average removal efficiencies of 79.44%, 62.46%, 79.63%, and 84.95% for COD, TSS, BOD, and N-NH3, respectively. The media from PE foam can be used as a replacement for commercially available media and an option for improving the quality of biogas effluent wastewater.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted significant attention due to their high efficiency and low emission characteristics. However, the cell performance is strongly influenced by operating conditions and membrane properties, which are difficult to investigate comprehensively by experimental approaches alone. This study develops a complete electrochemical model of a single PEM fuel cell in the MATLAB – Simulink environment based on the voltage loss mechanisms including the Nernst potential, activation overpotential, ohmic losses, and concentration losses. The model is employed to quantitatively investigate the effects of operating temperature, hydrogen partial pressure, oxygen partial pressure, and membrane thickness on the polarization characteristics (I – V curves) of the PEMFC. Simulation results indicate that increasing temperature significantly enhances activation kinetics and improves cell voltage, while elevated oxygen partial pressure yields the most pronounced performance improvement among gas parameters. Conversely, increasing membrane thickness leads to higher ohmic losses and voltage degradation, especially in the high –current – density regime. The proposed model provides an effective numerical tool for teaching, system analysis, and preliminary optimization of PEMFC operating conditions.

This article investigates modality in UK news discourse on natural disasters, drawing on a corpus of 50 disaster-related news reports collected from five UK online newspapers. The corpus comprises 23,804 words, with an average length of 476 words per report. Methodologically, the study adopts a mixed-methods design, integrating qualitative descriptive analysis to identify, categorize, and interpret modal expressions in context with quantitative analysis to determine the frequency and distribution of modal resources across the corpus. All texts were annotated and statistically processed using UAM CorpusTool 6.2. The findings reveal that, out of 386 modal tokens, verbal modality overwhelmingly predominates (328 tokens; 85%), while nonverbal modality is comparatively limited (15%), suggesting hard-news reporting favors more determinate, less overtly subjective forms. Modal auxiliaries are the primary resource, led by will (70), can (50), could (43), and would (36). Adjectival modality is diverse but less frequent overall (28 items), with likely (12) most common, followed by possible (9) and unable/sure (7 each). Adverbial modality is rare, with only definitely (2) and maybe/possibly/perhaps (1 each). This paper advances applied linguistics theory and offers practical insights for improving journalistic communication in Vietnam.

This paper presents the design, implementation, and empirical evaluation of a sophisticated automated alcohol distillation system. The system integrates modern control theory with Internet of Things (IoT) technology to overcome the limitations of traditional manual distillation, which often suffers from inconsistent product quality, high labor dependency, and significant safety risks. The core of the system employs a REX-C100 PID temperature controller for precise thermal regulation, an ESP8266 microcontroller for IoT connectivity, and an array of sensors including a K-type thermocouple and an MQ-3 alcohol concentration sensor for comprehensive process monitoring and safety. A detailed mathematical model of the distillation process and an enhanced PID control algorithm with feedforward compensation are provided. Experimental results demonstrate a 50% reduction in processing time, an increase in process efficiency from 60% to 90%, and a remarkable improvement in product quality consistency from 70% to 95%, all while maintaining a temperature control accuracy of ±1°C. The system successfully enables remote monitoring and control via the Blynk IoT platform, establishing a robust framework for intelligent, safe, and efficient distillation applicable to both small-scale and industrial production

This mixed-methods study examines how fourth-year English majors at Thu Dau Mot University engage in Zalo-based classroom discussions. Using a convergent parallel design, data were collected through a questionnaire (N = 112) and semi-structured interviews (N = 8) to explore behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions of engagement. Findings reveal that Zalo is primarily used for task coordination and passive monitoring, with limited proactive discussion. Students value its functions for planning and language accuracy but perceive discussions as low in intellectual depth. Emotionally, Zalo fosters social connection and comfort in interacting with peers and lecturers but also introduces pressure to keep up and reluctance to express dissent. The study highlights Zalo’s dual role as a facilitator of convenience and a constraint on deeper learning, suggesting the need for intentional instructional design to promote critical thinking and inclusive dialogue.

In recent years, water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) has been widely recognized as an invasive aquatic plant that proliferates rapidly on rivers, canals, ponds, and lakes, obstructing waterway transportation, impeding water flow, and contributing to environmental degradation. Despite its abundance in large river systems such as the Bach Dang River in Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong Province, this biomass resource remains largely underutilized, leading to significant waste of natural materials and ongoing ecological challenges. This study proposes an eco-friendly alternative by transforming water hyacinth into handmade paper sheets with natural coloration, rustic aesthetic, and complete absence of harmful chemicals. The resulting products exhibit acceptable strength and surface quality, making them suitable for practical and decorative applications including coasters, shoe insoles, greeting cards, notebooks, biodegradable packaging, paper bags, and eco-handicraft items. Raw materials were collected directly from the Bach Dang River by a student research group. The research employed a combination of primary and secondary data collection methods, along with experimental, analytical, and synthesis approaches to develop and evaluate the manual paper-making process. The developed chemical-free production method successfully yielded durable paper sheets that are environmentally safe and biodegradable. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of converting an invasive plant into value-added sustainable products, thereby contributing to waste reduction, biomass reuse, and the promotion of green production practices. Although the study is preliminary and limited by manual processing, lack of mechanization, and absence of standardized quantitative testing (e.g., tensile strength, water absorption, and biodegradability under controlled conditions), it provides a promising foundation for further optimization and scale-up. Future research should focus on improving uniformity, enhancing mechanical properties through natural additives, and conducting comprehensive performance and life-cycle assessments to support practical commercialization and broader environmental impact

Undergraduate research is widely recognized as a meaningful practice that develops students’ critical thinking, problem‑solving, and science identity, yet student engagement remains uneven due to multiple factors. To address this issue, this mixed-methods study examines undergraduate students’ engagement in research at a Vietnamese university, focusing on their attitudes, perceived support, and intentions to participate. Survey data (N = 164) and interviews (N = 8) reveal a clear divide between students’ positive views of research outcomes and their ambivalence toward the research process. Although students believe lecturers are supportive, they report low comfort in seeking help, limited peer encouragement, and little awareness of institutional research policies. Students express moderate intention to conduct a research project but show strong reluctance toward presenting or publishing their work. The qualitative findings highlight psychological barriers, unclear pathways, and an outcome-oriented mindset. The study argues that current support structures are passive and insufficient. Institutions should implement more visible, structured mentorship to strengthen students’ confidence and foster a more active undergraduate research culture.

Abstract This study examines how ChatGPT influences high school students’ cognitive and behavioral engagement in Physics learning, drawing on survey data from 251 students at Vo Minh Duc High School in Ho Chi Minh City. Although generative AI is increasingly adopted in education, little is known about how Vietnamese students use ChatGPT in a cognitively demanding subject like Physics-representing a notable research gapin a cognitively demanding subject like Physics, which represents a notable research gap. Using a mixed-methods design, the study explores how students employ ChatGPT, how they perceive its usefulness and reliability, and how its use shapes learning behaviors. Findings indicate that students commonly use ChatGPT as a self-study aid and perceive it as helpful for understanding complex concepts, yet many express concerns about accuracy and show signs of overreliance when using the tool without guidance. The study highlights the dual impact of ChatGPT-supporting learning while potentially reducing independent thinking-and contributes evidence potentially reducing independent thinking and contributes evidence to inform AI literacy development, teacher training, and pedagogical frameworks for responsible integration of generative AI in secondary education.

This study examines the relationships between Training Quality (TQ), Institutional Support (IS), Faculty Readiness (FR), and Perceived Effectiveness (PE) in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) integration in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Vietnam. Employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data from 418 faculty members from higher education institutions (HEIs) in Vietnam were analyzed to identify key factors influencing the adoption of AI in teaching. The findings reveal that both TQ and IS significantly enhance FR, underscoring the critical importance of comprehensive training programs and institutional resources for preparing faculty to adopt AI. Furthermore, FR has a substantial impact on PE and serves as a mediator between TQ and PE, as well as IS and PE. This highlights the pivotal role of faculty readiness in transforming training and support into perceived improvements in teaching effectiveness. The model demonstrates high predictive relevance for both FR (Q² = 0.55) and PE (Q² = 0.60), suggesting the robustness of the theoretical framework. Despite the study’s limitations, including its focus on Vietnamese HEIs and cross-sectional design, it provides valuable insights for designing effective faculty development and institutional support strategies to facilitate AI integration

Abstract Bats are ecologically valuable and may spur disease transmission; thus, this study aimed to investigate prevalence and identify common ectoparasites in bats in Gulumbe and Masama District in Birnin Kebbi and Danko Wasagu Local Government Areas of Kebbi State. A total of 300 bats were collected. Ectoparasites were investigated with the aid of a dissecting microscope and identified with various identification keys using standard methods. Result shows that Penicillidia conspicua as the only ectoparasite detected in the infected bats from both communities. More broad studies should be done to provide more details about possible parasitism with various ectoparasites. More current methodologies in identifying both ectoparasites such as PCR, Molecular characterization and ELISA are needed.

This study aims to identify the aspects of paragraphs that ChatGPT impacts and to explore students' perceptions of this tool. The study used both quantitative and qualitative methods, with 72 fourth-year students majoring in English Language at Thu Dau Mot University participating. The results indicated that ChatGPT had a strong impact on many aspects of the students' paragraphs, including vocabulary, grammar, coherence, organization of ideas, mechanics, and writing style. Students had a positive perception of ChatGPT, considering it a useful tool that saved time, suggested writing styles, and helped improve the structure of their texts. Additionally, feedback from ChatGPT boosted confidence and helped them gain a better understanding of the topics. However, the tool also had some limitations. Concerns were raised about plagiarism, the accuracy of information, and the reduced interaction between teachers and students. Furthermore, excessive reliance on the tool could impact students' critical thinking and creativity, as well as raise concerns about privacy and information security. This study provides practical values for both teachers and students while contributing to the integration of ChatGPT into the learning process to enhance academic performance.

This study explores the fabrication and performance analysis of ultra-thin III-V solar cells using indium phosphide (InP) epitaxial wafers through two approaches: substrate thinning via lapping and thermocompression bonding. The thinning method reduced the substrate thickness to 160 μm, while the bonding process achieved a final thickness of 0.9 μm. Photoluminescence (PL), internal quantum efficiency (IQE), and external quantum efficiency (EQE) measurements were conducted to evaluate the devices. Results showed that the thinned solar cells exhibited poor photovoltaic characteristics due to suboptimal n-type metal contacts and excessive electron-hole recombination, with no observable light-induced current at zero bias. Backside solar cells fabricated through bonding showed better performance, with improved IQE and EQE due to enhanced light penetration and reduced reflectance from an anti-reflection coating. PL analysis revealed a distinct 1280 nm peak for the backside structure, indicating better light interaction with the active region. Despite these advances, both methods demonstrated low open-circuit current and power efficiency, underscoring the need for further optimization to achieve commercially viable III-V solar cells.

In this paper, we consider a boundary value problem involving the Hadamard fractional derivative. We establish a Lyapunov-type inequality for the problem by constructing the green function and analyzing its properties. Next, we employ a fixed-point theorem to obtain the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the problem. The paper concludes with three examples that illustrate the theoretical results.

High penetration of photovoltaic (PV) sources causes volatility in distribution networks, challenging conventional operational strategies. This study introduces a multi-objective optimization framework using a Stabilized Genetic Algorithm (SGA) that co-optimizes daily energy losses and switching asset depreciation over typical and extreme loading scenarios. Contradicting common assumptions, results show that zero switching operations, i.e., maintaining a robust static configuration - yield optimal economic outcomes for the IEEE 33-bus test system, regardless of switching cost magnitude. The work formalizes an economic viability threshold for DDNR, providing network operators with a quantitative tool to assess when dynamic reconfiguration is truly justified. Results reveal that for the IEEE 33-bus system with PV integration, a robust static configuration remains economically optimal regardless of switching cost magnitude. The primary contribution is the formalization of an "Economic Viability Threshold" framework, providing DNOs a quantitative tool to determine when DDNR is truly justified. This framework provides a crucial, data-driven tool for network operators to prevent unnecessary investment in complex control schemes, ensuring that grid modernization efforts are both technically sound and economically viable