Phytoremediation is an ecofriendly that has shown promising results for the contaminants like heavy metals. Because of its advantages as a cost-effective, efficient, environment- and eco-friendly technology based on the use of metal-accumulating plants. This paper aims to compile some information about heavy metals of arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc (As, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) sources, effects and their treatment. It also reviews deeply about phytoremediation technology, including the heavy metal uptake mechanisms and several research studies associated about heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) and aquatic plants are used to process these heavy metals.

Heavy metal pollution is a major problems in the environment. The impact of toxic metal ions can be minimized by different technologies, viz., chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, oxidation, reverse osmosis, flotation and adsorption. But among them, adsorption was found to be very efficient and common due to the low concentration of metal uptake and economically feasible properties. In this review paper, Fe–Mn binary oxide incorporated into diatomite (Fe/Mn-diatomite) was prepared by a simple coating method , and removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. The effects of three independent variables including initial ion concentration, removal time, and adsorbent dosage were investigated on the maximum adsorption of Cu (II). The optimum conditions for the adsorption of Cu(II) was obtained: 75 ppm of initial ion concentration, 150 min of removal time and 1.5 g/l of adsorbent. The maximum removal efficiencies of Cu(II) was obtained 86.25%. The results showed that Fe/Mn-diatomite was apable of treating copper metal in wastewater.

The study aims to investigate the possibility of processing copper metal (Cu2+) with activated carbon prepared from macadamia shell. Activated carbon is prepared from Macadamia shell by chemical agent H3PO4 with coke ratio: H3PO4 = 1:1, optimal temperature condition is 5000C and burning time is 60 minutes. Using the assumed Cu2+ metal treats materials in the laboratory with a concentration of 30ppm. The research to result ability material adsorbed Cu2+ metal achieve good performance 95.92% handle, corresponding to the concentration of Cu2+ reduced from 30 mg/l to 1.2mg/l in optimal conditions is pH = 4.5 , dosage 1.8g/l, time 30 minutes. The results showed that activated carbon prepared from macadamia husk with chemical agent H3PO4 was capable of treating copper metal in wastewater.

Macadamia shells were used to prepare modified carbon by chemical agent H2O2 (25%) in 48 hours with coke ratio: H2O2 = 1:10. Modified carbon from Macadamia shells with chemical agent H2O2 has capable of adsorption heavy metal copper (Cu 2+ ) at an assumption concentration is 30ppm in the optimum conditions such as pH = 4, dose is 1.8 g/l, and the processing time is 30 minutes. The result showed that the adsorption ability of the material reached the highest efficiency is 78.33%. This result showed that modified carbon from shells Macadamia by chemical agent H2O2 capable of removing applications on heavy metal copper (Cu2+) in wastewater.