In electronic circuits that use various integrated circuits (ICs), ICs may malfunction while assembled, used, and repaired. There are numerous ways to verify that ICs are operating, such as by measuring basic current and voltage with a VOM meter. However, many sophisticated operations are hard to measure and test, and the accuracy of the tests is low and takes a long time. Thus, it is crucial to have a tool that can rapidly determine whether or not integrated circuits are operating correctly. The purpose of this article is to develop a tool for testing the functionality of logic gate ICs. By modeling its properties using the truth table of the specific IC, the device employs an Arduino to verify the condition of the gates in a logic gate IC. After successful simulation and testing, they are assembled to form a final device.

This research is conducted as a test of the level of satisfaction of residents in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, specifically in DamB’ri Commune, Bao Loc City, Lam Dong Province. The survey of 100 residents at 4 hamlets of DamB’ri Commune did not record statistically significant differences in the level of satisfaction of participants for the criteria including sexes, educational level, occupation, and working age. Nevertheless, there was a statistically noticeable higher level of satisfaction with Health Insurance for participants who are officers at Hamlet 3. The results of the multiple linear regression method, including 7 independent variables and 1 dependent variable, based on the Health Belief Model (HBM), show that the awareness about restrictions and benefits are the core factors impacting the level of satisfaction of residents. The results also provide crucial evidence for authorities and policymakers to devise plans and solutions to increase the level of satisfaction with Health Insurance for people in Central Highlands.

The theory of differential equations arises from the study of physical phenomena. This field has various applications in science and engineering. The study of qualitative properties for each mathematical model plays an important role, attracting the attention of both theoretical and applied researchers. Normally, the most significant qualitative property to be studied first is the existence and uniqueness of the solutions of each mathematical model. However, proving existence and uniqueness results for mathematical models where the source function has a singularity is a difficult problem and requires many different techniques. In this paper, we establish some new conditions suitable to achieve the unique solution criterion for ordinary first-order differential equations. To obtain the desired results, we have improved the methods that have been used to prove the results in the work of Krasnosel'skii and Krein (Krasnoselskii and Krein, 1956). In addition, we also provide an example to illustrate the theoretical results.

Tourist motivation is a critical aspect of tourism research, providing valuable insights into why people travel and what influences their destination choices. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the leading models used to understand tourist motivation, examining both psychological and external factors that drive tourist behaviours. Key frameworks such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Push-Pull Theory, and Iso-Ahola’s Motivation-Relaxation Model are explored to highlight the various intrinsic and extrinsic forces that motivate tourists. Additionally, models like Plog’s Psychographic Typology and the Travel Career Ladder offer valuable perspectives on how travel motivations evolve with experience and personality traits. By synthesizing these diverse models, the review not only provides a broad understanding of tourist motivation but also underscores the complexity and multidimensional nature of travel behaviour. Understanding these models is essential for tourism practitioners, as it enables more targeted marketing strategies, improved destination management, and enhanced visitor satisfaction. This article aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the motivations that shape tourism trends and to offer a framework for future research in the field.

The paper analyzes the radial distribution power system with the series connection of FACTS devices, which is easily implemented using a formula from the power flow equation (PFE - power flow equation) with the voltage magnitude and power flow on the lines are treated as independent variables. When control variables such as the form of reactive power at nodes and lines are directly manipulated in the formulation, the application of FACTS device control operations in the power system is carried out quickly and directly. Using the ratio matrix at the nodes of a radial distribution system is primarily represented on the main diagonal to reduce computational procedures. All FACTS device models are unified under static stability conditions and can be easily integrated within the new framework through the process of "variable exchange". Using the IEEE standard system, the formulation of the formula is based on the trend on the line - Line Flow Based (LFB) by the author to provide easy implementation with multiple FACTS devices connected in the system and its efficiency.

Asia’s financial ecosystems, while distinct from Western paradigms, remain underexplored. This study integrates cultural finance, regime-switching machine learning, and ESG asymmetries into a novel analytical framework tailored to Asia’s unique financial architecture. We develop three models: a Hybrid LSTM-GARCH for crisis forecasting, a Bayesian Structural Equation Model capturing informal institutional dynamics, and a machine learning-enhanced Difference-in-Differences model to assess ESG impacts. Theoretically, we propose the Cultural-Statistical Nexus Framework, embedding sociocultural variables into predictive finance, the concept of institutional plasticity to explain regulatory divergence, and ESG Arbitrage Theory to highlight sustainability’s dual role as risk mitigator and speculative signal. Empirically, Confucian Risk Aversion reduces corporate leverage by 15 percent, ESG adoption lowers systemic risk but increases greenwashing, and hybrid models outperform conventional tools in FX crisis prediction. Practical implications include cultural-risk-adjusted capital buffers, AI-based liquidity tools, and region-specific ESG strategies, advancing a globally inclusive paradigm of financial science.

Due to the limitations of traditional adsorbents for dyeing wastewater, this study combined natural adsorbent (CS, chitosan) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) to form a composite for enhancing the adsorption of aqueous Congo red (CR). The chitosan was prepared from crab shells (Somanniathelphusa sinensis) with a deacetylation degree of about 89%. The HAp and HAp-CS composites were prepared by precipitation in high pH (~10) with the help of concentrated ammonia water (25%). The crab shell chitosan and chitin were characterized by the FTIR method, and the HAp and HAp-CS composites were analyzed using the SEM method. The CR adsorption experiments were carried out in batch form and sampled once for each condition. The results showed that the characteristic peaks in the FTIR spectrum confirmed the success of the crab shell chitosan preparation. The HAp and HAp-CS composites possess porous structures and seem to have a high surface area. The CR adsorptions reached optimal after 5-15 min. contacting, the adsorption efficiency tended to decrease with the initial concentration of CR and increase with the adsorbent dosage. The initial pH of the solution affected the adsorption efficiency for the 70%HAp-CS and 30%HAp-CS composites but had almost no effect on the adsorption capacity of 0%HAp-CS and 50%HAp-CS. The 50%HAp-CS composite had the best adsorption capacity among the synthesized composites (qmax = 769.2mg/g). The adsorption isotherm and kinetics best fit the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics model.

The objective of this paper is to describe the empty calories consumption using the application of some behavior change models (theories). The alarming rise in empty calories consumption, encompassing fast foods, junk foods, and ultra-processed foods, poses a significant threat to global public health. This review synthesizes existing literature on the prevalence, health implications, and determinants of empty calories consumption. Findings reveal a robust link between empty calories intake and various chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. The socio-ecological model (SEM) provides a framework for understanding the multifaceted influences on empty calories consumption, spanning individual, social, community, organizational, and policy levels. Other related theories are equally important in discerning empty calories consumption nowadays. This paper concludes by advocating for a multi-faceted approach to mitigate empty calories consumption, incorporating targeted interventions at individual, community, and policy levels

As fossil fuel resources are gradually depleting, countries are increasingly focusing on developing renewable energy as a sustainable alternative. A trend is the shift of the energy market towards a decentralized model, where renewable energy can be traded flexibly. This is partly evidenced by the rise of blockchain-based solutions in the energy sector. Blockchain technology garners attention due to its outstanding advantages such as anonymity, decentralization, and transparency. Therefore, this study explores the application of blockchain in the energy sector. We shed light on four main areas: energy management, peer-to-peer (P2P) trading, applications related to electric vehicles, and carbon credit trading. This paper provides insights into how blockchain technology can act as a catalyst for revolutionizing the energy sector in both management and control

Improving and exploring the photocatalytic performance of composites for new models continues to pose a challenge. Here, a straightforward thermal dispersion method is achieved by incorporating nitrogen (N) into TiO2 at different weights (1%, 3%, and 5%) to enhance photocatalytic activity. The material properties are analyzed through ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-VIS DRS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that the NO gas removal efficiency of N-TiO2 photocatalytic materials is higher than that of pure TiO2 after 30 minutes of exposure to visible light. The highest NO gas treatment efficiency of N-TiO2 -1% is 40.4%, with a reaction rate following a first-order kinetic equation of 0.0688 min-1. Successfully fabricating N-TiO2 photocatalytic materials using the thermal dispersion method, with significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light activation, will benefit practical applications, particularly in the environmental sector.

In this paper, the structural properties of crystalline and polycrystalline Cr have been investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The interaction between atoms is modeled via the MEAM potential. Periodic boundary conditions are applied in the x, y, and z directions. The structural characteristics are analyzed through the total energy function, heat capacity, radial distribution function, and angle distribution. Dynamics are evaluated through the analysis of mean squared displacement and diffusion coefficient. The results show that the melting temperature of crystalline Cr is higher than that of polycrystalline Cr, indicating that the polycrystal melts earlier. This information is important when considering material applications in high-temperature environments.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of credit risk management on profitability of commercial banks in Vietnam. While the existing literature emphasizes the necessity for a more in-depth study and additional empirical evidence to elucidate intricate relationships between market dynamics and credit risk, particularly in the context of commercial banks in Southeast Asia, there remains a gap in comprehensive studies, with a specific focus on Vietnam. The secondary data was collected from 20 commercial banks from the country for the period of 11 years, from 2012 to 2022. The study used non-performing loans ratio (NPLR), capital adequacy ratio (CAR) as well as loan-loss provision ratio (LLPR) as proxies of credit risk while the financial performance is measured by return on equity (ROE). Moreover, the bank's characteristics, such as its size (SIZE), the macroeconomic inflation rate (INF), and a dummy variable that looks at how ownership type (OWN) affects the bank's profitability are all applied to quantify the independent variables. The model does not exhibit the multicollinearity issue, according to the mean Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) data. The regression results reveal that SIZE, CAR and INF variables have a significant positive effect on ROE, while the NPLR variable has an opposite significant effect on ROE. Nevertheless, there is no connection between the ROE-measured financial performance of commercial banks and the OWN or LLPR variables. This offers further valuable insights to bankers and policy makers in credit risk management of commercial banks in Vietnam to enhance the stability of the Vietnamese banking system.

In physics, the majority of natural events have been researched and described using differential equations, each having its own initial and boundary conditions. These differential equations contain a large number of fundamental constants as well as other model parameters. They add to the equation's complexity and rounding errors, making the problem more difficult to solve. In this work, we provide a method for transforming these physics differential equations into dimensionless equations, which are significantly simpler. Nondimensionalization, by suitably substituting variables, is the process of removing some or all of the physical dimensions from an equation that contains physical quantities. Some benefits of these dimensionless equations include that they are simpler to identify when using well-known mathematical methods, need less time to compute, and do not round off errors. Through several examples we discuss, this method is useful not just in quantum mechanics but also in classical physics.

In this paper, MIL-53(Al) was synthesized by solvothermal method and its application as an adsorbent to remove rhodamine B from aqueous solution. The material was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the material has a large specific surface area (1028.3 m2/g). The rhodamine B adsorption on MIL-53(Al) occurs very quickly in the first minutes of contact. Two pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order adsorption kinetic models, and two adsorption isotherm models, including Langmuir and Freundlich, were used to analyze the adsorption data.

Abstract: Urban agriculture is a highly concerned issue during the period of rapid urbanization in Vietnam. Research aims to propose a cultivation process for cultivating oyster mushrooms, utilizing coffee grounds from coffee businesses as a resource. This approach promotes circular economy principles, generating economic benefits for households while protecting the environment and being suitable for urban areas. The study conducted experiments on grey oyster mushrooms using different mixtures of coffee grounds and rubber wood sawdust at the following ratios: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% coffee grounds/rubber wood sawdust, filled into bags with a weight of 1.2kg. The research results showed that disease infection rates were mild in the 0% and 25% mixture ratios, while the remaining ratios exhibited moderate to severe infection levels. The highest mushroom yield was observed in the mixture ratio of 25% coffee grounds, with an average number of mushroom ears per bag reaching 29.7grams/bag, the dry weight is 63.8 grams/bag, with an average size ranging from 3 to 14 cm and a moisture content of 79.5%. The fastest colonization speed on the substrate is achieved by 25%, 50% coffee grounds blend, which fully colonizes the bag in a period of 25 to 35 days, the shortest time compared to the 75% and 100% coffee grounds blends, which take 40 to 45 days. The experimental results show that the 25% coffee grounds: 75% rubber sawdust blend is suitable for urban mushroom cultivation models and can be expanded on a large-scale farm, contributing to minimizing environmental pollution, utilizing limited urban land area, and providing high economic efficiency.

Currently, to make human life more convenient and easier, many utility services have been provided. Among them, online food ordering applications with high coverage and diverse forms become prominent. This research aims to examine the factors influencing the intention of using online food ordering applications among students in Ho Chi Minh City. Using a multivariate linear regression model and the Ordinary Least Squares method (OLS), the research team analyzed primary data based on 120 valid survey sheets collected from students studying in HCMC. The research results indicate that there are seven factors influencing the intention to use (ITU) online food ordering applications, including: (1) Ease of use (EOU), (2) Convenience (CV), (3) Aesthetic appeal (AA), (4) Price expectations (PE), (5) Social influence (SI), (6) Perceived risk (PR), and (7) Habits (HB). Among them, the three factors with the greatest impact on the students’ intention are ease of use, aesthetic appeal, and social influence. Based on the test results, the study proposes a management implication to help food delivery service providers enhance service quality, suggest development directions, and make suitable strategies for potential target customers. Keywords: food delivery service providers, food ordering applications, management implication, students’ intention

In recent times, there has been a rapid surge in the advancement of technologies associated with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), particularly in the domains of sensors, networking, and processing. Consequently, substantial investments from both governments and industries have been directed towards the exploration of UAVs, aiming to enhance their performance for secure and dependable deployments. The evolution of design methodologies and the exploration of UAV systems have transitioned from single UAV applications to encompass multi-UAVs and cooperative UAV systems. These systems necessitate a heightened level of coordination and collaboration to execute tasks, demanding innovative networking models, approaches, and mechanisms tailored for highly mobile nodes, encompassing numerous intricate parameters and constraints. The present paper provides comprehensive insights and conducts a meticulous examination of UAV communication protocols, networking systems, architectures, and applications. Furthermore, it delves into UAV solutions while underscoring critical technical challenges and unresolved research issues that warrant further investigation and dedicated research and development endeavors. In this paper, we study some problems and solutions for The Command and Control (C2) aspect of UAV communication systems. We also give some directions for research in near future.

Industrial robots have become one of the effective support tools for human labor. Robots are a solution to replace humans in repetitive tasks and in environments where humans cannot work. Robots have become one of the factors responding to the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Automatic control devices require high-precision control quality. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on researching controlling the position of the actuator accurately based on the PID algorithm. First, we study the forward and inverse kinematics of a three-joint robot. Second, we design the robot model on inventor software and transfer the 3d model in inventor software to Matlab Simmechanics. Third, modeling robot model on Simulink to simulate and evaluate the results achieved

The article presents the disease pattern of inpatients at Pham Ngoc Thach Traditional Medicine Hospital in Lam Dong from 2021 to 2023. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional, retrospective descriptive method, utilizing data from the hospital's medical records system and statistical reports from 2021 stored in the hospital's archives. Information was collected from patient records following predefined selection criteria, encompassing all adequately documented cases during the inpatient treatment period from January 1st, 2021 to August 31st, 2023. The research findings revealed that the group of diseases related to musculoskeletal and connective tissue accounted for the highest proportion at 57.79%, followed by circulatory diseases at 24.18%, and nervous system diseases at 7.75%. Other groups of diseases such as digestive, trauma, and respiratory systems also appeared, albeit with lower proportions. Particularly, rare disease groups like ear and mastoid bone diseases, and skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases were noted. These results provide a comprehensive overview of the disease distribution, supporting decision-making and the development of effective treatment strategies for inpatients in the upcoming period.

This work presents a benchmarking study between Lagamine, an in-house developed finite element (FE) code, and COMSOL Multiphysics® (Comsol) commercial software in thermal analyses to investigate their capability in modeling complex manufacturing processes. For this purpose, two case studies, including a NAFEMS benchmark for heat transfer with convection and a Directed Energy Deposition (DED) of a bulk sample, were used as test cases. The simulation models using Lagamine and Comsol solvers for each case were described. The underlying algorithms and theories, as well as the soft-ware development, are investigated. The computational results indicate slight differ-ences between Lagamine and Comsol solutions in both case studies. For the NAFEMS test case, the results obtained with Comsol solver appear to be less dependent on the mesh size than those obtained with Lagamine. For the DED test case, within the chosen configurations of Lagamine and Comsol codes, the maximum difference in the highest peak temperatures obtained from the two codes is about 20%. From an engineering point of view, it is suggested to determine parameters of the FE model consistently with the selected FE code to provide the best match with experimental observations.

Thu Dau Mot University is one of the main public education institutions in the South-Eastern region of Vietnam. The vision of the university is to adopt innovative teaching methodologies to improve education quality and attract more students. Thu Dau Mot University envisions becoming a smart university as one of its long-term strategies in order to be aligned with the smart city orientation of Binh Duong province. The paper evaluates the potential of buiding Thu Dau Mot university model by SWOT analysis. It’s results will serve as a reference for Thu Dau Mot university’s leaders to identifying where are the strengths, the weakenesses, the opportunities and the threats in their process of smart university development. Finally, the paper has provided recommendations to Thu Dau Mot university for becoming a smart university.

This article presents the implementation process of the smart university model at Metropolia University of Applied Sciences (Scotland), University of Sydney (Australia), National University of Singapore, Stanford University (American), and the University of Tokyo (Japan). The article highlights the similarities, differences, and issues encountered during the implementation of the smart university model in different countries. The research shows that all universities have implemented smart campus elements, while other elements are implemented uniquely by each university. These campuses integrate smart technologies to monitor and analyze energy consumption, emissions, and more. Real-time data about the campus informs what is happening within the university, thereby facilitating easier management, administration, security, and environmental protection.

Symbolic images stand for more than simply what appears before the eyes. They represent a deeper meaning behind the image – something. The symbolic images in public communications, and techniques of their application as an instrument of forming desired ideological models within social consciousness, as well as consider principles of social psychology that enable successful application of communication technologies to a target audience by appealing to their image thinking. Applied methods of the research are: sociocultural, historical, and content analysis, this article focuses on analyzing the significance of symbol image in public communication strategies and its impacts on brand building, trust establishment, and fostering a positive interactive environment with the public. Based on lessons drawn from practical public communication activities of Thu Dau Mot University, the article proposes additional measures to enhance the effectiveness of the unit's communication and their potential application to specific cases, contributing to the development of the field of public communication.

Satisfaction has been the central research area in consumer behavior. Particularly in tourism, satisfying tourists promises the success of destinations. Tourists are now seeking for premier experiences at destinations which requires more distinctive tourism products and excellent service quality. Monitoring tourist satisfaction has become more crucial than ever so as for destination managers and stakeholders to plan appropriate strategic development. The study clarifies the concept of visitor satisfaction and how satisfaction is measured in academic practice. This article review, synthesis, and analysis secondary data from previous academic studies. The article begins by providing satisfaction definition, followed by the benefits of achieving customer satisfaction, and finally, the commonly adopted approaches to measure tourist satisfaction is provided. The study focuses on those approaches proposed before the development of internet which data collection process is mainly based on survey. Both merits and demerits of each approach are also discussed.