Tourist motivation is a critical aspect of tourism research, providing valuable insights into why people travel and what influences their destination choices. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the leading models used to understand tourist motivation, examining both psychological and external factors that drive tourist behaviours. Key frameworks such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Push-Pull Theory, and Iso-Ahola’s Motivation-Relaxation Model are explored to highlight the various intrinsic and extrinsic forces that motivate tourists. Additionally, models like Plog’s Psychographic Typology and the Travel Career Ladder offer valuable perspectives on how travel motivations evolve with experience and personality traits. By synthesizing these diverse models, the review not only provides a broad understanding of tourist motivation but also underscores the complexity and multidimensional nature of travel behaviour. Understanding these models is essential for tourism practitioners, as it enables more targeted marketing strategies, improved destination management, and enhanced visitor satisfaction. This article aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the motivations that shape tourism trends and to offer a framework for future research in the field.

This study aims to determine and measure the influence of factors attracting domestic tourists to Binh Duong province through quantitative research with 129 domestic tourists, convenience sampling method, data collected from the period from March 1, 2022 to March 31, 2022. There are 5 selected sites: Hoi Khanh pagoda, Dai Nam tourist area, Thuy Chau eco-tourism area, Phu An bamboo village, Cau Mountain - Dau Tieng Lake relic complex. The results of EFA exploratory factor analysis using SPSS software show that there are 5 factors affecting the attraction of domestic tourists to Binh Duong province, including: (1) tourism resources; (2) travel services; (3) tourism products; (4) tourism infrastructure; (5) promotion of tourism. However, the results of the regression analysis show that only the factors "tourism infrastructure" and "tourism resources" affect the ability to attract domestic tourists to Binh Duong, while the other factors donˈt have enough grounds to conclude. On the basis of the research results, this paper proposes management implications to improve the ability to attract more tourists to visit.

Hoi An is a well-known travel destination for both Vietnamese and foreign visitors, not only because it has a cultural heritage recognized by UNESCO but also because of its other cultural resources, including craft villages. Serving as both attractions and experiences for tourists, craft villages give them the opportunity to create unique mementos of their vacation while also boosting household income and elevating the status of craft villages. How is Hoi An's tourism industry exploiting this resource in tourism? The article conducts a scientific investigation of the role and current state of crafts in the production of souvenirs for tourism in general, particularly in Hoi An's craft villages such as Thanh Ha pottery and Kim Bong carpentry village, using research on souvenirs, observation techniques, and field excursions. The findings demonstrate that handicraft souvenirs are few, have less appealing designs, and have to compete hard with souvenirs from other localities. These results will facilitate the collaborative efforts of Hoi An's tourism stakeholders to identify strategies that guarantee the advantages that tourism brings to craft villages and vice versa.

This article presents how to speculate, design and simulate a mechanical horse based on the point of view of the military man Khong Minh, a talented character in the work "Three Kingdoms" (author La Quan Trung). The behavior of this type of horse closely resembles that of a real horse. That is, it can walk, run, carry goods or people. It is made mainly of wood or steel. The authors speculated that Khong Minh placed a leaf spring in the belly of the mechanical horse. Soldiers just need to rotate so that the leaf spring twists, it will store energy in the form of potential energy. Then, it slowly unfolds, and the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, transmitting motion to the mechanisms connected to the horse's legs. Finally, the mechanical horse lifted his leg and was able to walk. Despite such speculation, when recreating a mechanical horse, our team of authors used a battery-powered motor instead of leaf springs and gear transmissions as a pre-assembled transmission part in the belly of the mechanical horse. We design additional parts such as the head, tail, belly, legs, etc. to create a complete mechanical horse. The design goal of the author's mechanical horse is to clear people's doubts about the "wooden buffalo mechanical horse" in the literary work "Three Kingdoms". At the same time, this type of mechanical horse is also applied as an amusement ride for people in tourist areas and as a children's toy in the family.

Satisfaction has been the central research area in consumer behavior. Particularly in tourism, satisfying tourists promises the success of destinations. Tourists are now seeking for premier experiences at destinations which requires more distinctive tourism products and excellent service quality. Monitoring tourist satisfaction has become more crucial than ever so as for destination managers and stakeholders to plan appropriate strategic development. The study clarifies the concept of visitor satisfaction and how satisfaction is measured in academic practice. This article review, synthesis, and analysis secondary data from previous academic studies. The article begins by providing satisfaction definition, followed by the benefits of achieving customer satisfaction, and finally, the commonly adopted approaches to measure tourist satisfaction is provided. The study focuses on those approaches proposed before the development of internet which data collection process is mainly based on survey. Both merits and demerits of each approach are also discussed.

With a favorable location and diverse natural and cultural resources, Phu Quoc city of Kien Giang province has immense potential for tourism development. Phu Quoc is one of the localities with the biggest number of tourist arrivals and the highest revenue from tourism in the Mekong Delta. However, due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, Phu Quoc tourism faces many difficulties in implementing the pre-set plans. Using a systematic review of the literature to synthesize the information dealing with tourism resources, impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on tourism performance and recovery plans of local authorities, the article analyzes the potential and current status of tourism development of Phu Quoc. Interviews with researchers and travel agencies’ representatives also add some ideas to the proposals for the orientation of tourism development in the new context. Integration to regional and international market, promotion of regional interlinkage and travel demands and new trends of tourism are crucial factors recommended for the development of tourism on Phu Quoc island. Key words: Marine and island tourism, Phu Quoc tourism, Post-Covid-19 tourism

Tourism is one of the strengths of Phu Yen province. This study was conducted the method of aseessing the potential and exploition value of in a tourist and recreational context in Tuy Hoa City. This potential was explored throughout a range of criteria in terms of aesthetic, scientific, historical, economic values, degree and modality of exploitation. The results showed that the score of tourism potential value in Tuy Hoa City is quite average at 0.5 points. However, the score of tourism exploitation capacity in Tuy Hoa city is at a low level of only 0.36 points. That means Tuy Hoa City has not yet exploited the inherent tourism potentials to promote tourism development in the locality.

This paper presents a Quantified SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analytical method and an analytical hierarchy process method which provides more detailed and quantified information on tourism potential in Tuy Hoa city. Quantified SWOT analysis was used to assess the competing strength of Tuy Hoa’s tourism potential with other places. The results of the study presented that Tuy Hoa city has many advantages of beautiful natural landscapes, nature, rivers and mountains. The results of the comparing value of internal and external factors of Tuy Hoa’s tourism potential indicated it under high competitive pressure from neighbor destinations such as Phan Thiet, Hue, Nha Trang and Da Nang. Tuy Hoa’s tourism potential was lower than that of neighbor cities but it has more attractive tourism features.