Tourist motivation is a critical aspect of tourism research, providing valuable insights into why people travel and what influences their destination choices. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the leading models used to understand tourist motivation, examining both psychological and external factors that drive tourist behaviours. Key frameworks such as Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, Push-Pull Theory, and Iso-Ahola’s Motivation-Relaxation Model are explored to highlight the various intrinsic and extrinsic forces that motivate tourists. Additionally, models like Plog’s Psychographic Typology and the Travel Career Ladder offer valuable perspectives on how travel motivations evolve with experience and personality traits. By synthesizing these diverse models, the review not only provides a broad understanding of tourist motivation but also underscores the complexity and multidimensional nature of travel behaviour. Understanding these models is essential for tourism practitioners, as it enables more targeted marketing strategies, improved destination management, and enhanced visitor satisfaction. This article aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the motivations that shape tourism trends and to offer a framework for future research in the field.

In this study, the Wave Optics chapter, which is part of the General Physics A2 course for first-year Electrical Engineering students at Thu Dau Mot university, will be taught using the KWL (Know-Want to know-Learned) strategy. Creating a three-step KWL instructional process for four major Wave Optics chapter topics, creating learning scenarios that use the KWL strategy, and evaluating the technique's effects on students' critical thinking, active learning, and knowledge retention are all parts of the research objectives. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques are used in this study. Two classes were chosen at random: the experimental group (49 students) was taught using the KWL strategy, while the control group (49 students) followed a traditional instructional method. Data were collected through test scores, post-lesson surveys, and classroom observations. The findings show that the experimental group achieved an average score of 7.31, higher than the control group’s 6.13. Post-lesson surveys indicated that all 15 evaluation criteria reached a "Good" level, with mean scores ranging from 4.24 to 4.54. Students responded positively, expressing enjoyment in being able to ask questions, synthesize information, and engage more deeply in learning. The study confirms that the KWL technique is an effective teaching method that enhances instructional quality and promotes students’ active learning skills. This strategy holds potential for broader application across other STEM subjects to maximize learner-centered knowledge acquisition.

This is a descriptive study to find out students’ awareness about the benefits and harm that they have experienced from using the AI tools during their learning process. The study was founded on a survey and an interview among majored-English students at Thu Dau Mot University. The data was then This descriptive study aims at finding out students’ awareness about the benefits and harm that they have experienced from using AI tools during their learning process. A four-section survey including open and closed-ended questions was sent out, and 193 majored-English students at Thu Dau Mot University responded randomly. The striking finding is that although students preferred AI tools to support their learning, they themselves accepted the benefits gained and the challenges faced were just a little over the average. In particular, the participants confirmed that AI tools contribute much to the fast speed of their academic work completion, but AI also makes them passively think, become inflexible, and somewhat limit the ability to equip knowledge for their English language competence.

This paper explores the identity of Bình Dương Province through its place names, highlighting how these names reflect the region's historical, cultural, and economic transformation. Bình Dương, once a primarily agricultural province, has experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization; and how the evolution of place names mirrors these shifts, encapsulating themes of resilience, pride, and modernity in the province’s identity. Applying the Toponymic Analysis method to analyze the etymology, origin, and meaning of 3,462 toponymic words consisting of 4,155 subtypes of place names discovered in 91 communes and wards of Binh Duong province, the findings reveal that place names in Bình Dương not only serve as geographical markers but also function as symbols of Binh Duong identity. The place names are often closely tied to the region’s geography; reflect the rich cultural mix of its inhabitants; carry traces of colonial influence; have presented political and economic changes; serve to unify its population, invoking themes of strength, resilience, and local pride, equality. This research implies that toponymy is a powerful tool for understanding social and cultural identity of a place.

Mathematics education contributes to the formation and development of students' key qualities, general abilities and mathematical abilities. In particular, the ability to solve mathematical problems is one of the core elements of mathematical ability, helping students develop key knowledge and skills and creating opportunities for students to experience and apply practical mathematics. The study proposes some measures to foster students' mathematical problem-solving capacity in teaching the topic "Algebra" (Math 10). Teaching practice shows that the proposed measures are appropriate and feasible, initially contributing to improving the quality of teaching and meeting the goals of educational innovation specified in the General Education Program math pass 2018.

Fractional differential equations are an important branch of mathematics and have been considered under many different fractional derivatives. Among them, differential equations with Riesz-Caputo fractional derivatives have also attracted the attention of many researchers. Studying differential equations that may have singularity coefficients is more difficult than usual because they require several complex techniques. In the present paper, we consider a nonlinear pantograph differential equation where the source function may have a temporal singularity. Using the contraction principle, we prove that the problem has a unique solution under some appropriate conditions. Furthermore, we define a new type of Ulam-Hyers stability and show the main equation of the problem is stable in the mentioned sense. To obtain the main results, a new inequality is proposed and proved. Some examples are constructed to confirm the validity and feasibility of the theoretical results.

The structural and electronic properties of sulfur-doped armchair stanene nanoribbons (ASnNRs) have been investigated using Density Functional Theory (DFT). The diverse structural and electronic characteristics induced by the substitution of sulfur atoms were comprehensively analyzed through first-principles calculations, including formation energy, optimized structural parameters, projected density of states (PDOS), and spatial charge density distribution. Various doping configurations were considered by replacing Sn atoms with S at different concentrations and atomic positions, resulting in characteristic doping types such as single-atom doping (top-1S, valley-1S), two-atom doping (ortho, meta, para), and full 1:1 substitution with a 6Sn–6S structure. The results reveal significant changes in the bandgap, increasing slightly from 0.26eV in the pristine state to approximately 0.34eV in the meta configuration, moderately decreasing to 0.15eV in the 100% substitution case, and sharply decreasing in the other configurations. Moreover, most sulfur-doped configurations exhibit non-magnetic behavior similar to pristine ASnNRs, while strong magnetism emerges only in the fully substituted 100% case. These findings demonstrate that sulfur doping can fundamentally modify the electronic and magnetic properties of the material, highlighting its potential application in future spintronic devices.

The paper analyzes the radial distribution power system with the series connection of FACTS devices, which is easily implemented using a formula from the power flow equation (PFE - power flow equation) with the voltage magnitude and power flow on the lines are treated as independent variables. When control variables such as the form of reactive power at nodes and lines are directly manipulated in the formulation, the application of FACTS device control operations in the power system is carried out quickly and directly. Using the ratio matrix at the nodes of a radial distribution system is primarily represented on the main diagonal to reduce computational procedures. All FACTS device models are unified under static stability conditions and can be easily integrated within the new framework through the process of "variable exchange". Using the IEEE standard system, the formulation of the formula is based on the trend on the line - Line Flow Based (LFB) by the author to provide easy implementation with multiple FACTS devices connected in the system and its efficiency.

This article analyzes South Korea’s new National Security Strategy (NSS) released in June 2023 under President Yoon Suk-yeol. The study situates the NSS in the context of rapidly changing regional and global geopolitics, examining the factors driving the emergence of this new strategy. The article primarily uses secondary document analysis methods to identify the content of the NSS; the research clarifies significant changes in South Korea’s approach to national, regional, and global security issues. The research results not only provide insights into South Korea’s national security strategy but also contribute to a better understanding of the geopolitical dynamics reshaping the regional order.

We consider a boundary value problem involving a fractional differential equation with a g-Caputo fractional derivative. This paper establishes some new criteria for the existence of solutions to the problem, differing from those obtained by previous researchers. The method is based on the construction of a novel Green’s function and the application of the Schauder fixed point theorem. Examples are provided to illustrate the fundamental distinctions between our results and earlier work.

The rising demand for automation in agriculture and manufacturing necessitates efficient, cost-effective sorting systems to replace labor-intensive manual processes. This paper introduces an innovative system integrating a Siemens S7-1200 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), LabVIEW-based image processing, and OPC (OLE for Process Control) communication for automated tomato sorting. Utilizing real-time vision analysis, the system classifies tomatoes by color and size, offering a low-cost, scalable solution tailored for small-scale industries. A high-resolution camera captures images, processed in LabVIEW using HSV color space and size thresholds, with results relayed via OPC to the PLC, which actuates a stepper motor-driven sorting mechanism. Experimental validation in a controlled setting achieved 92% sorting accuracy and a throughput of 60 tomatoes per minute, surpassing manual sorting in speed and consistency. The modular design supports scalability to other agricultural products, enhancing its practical utility.

Asia’s financial ecosystems, while distinct from Western paradigms, remain underexplored. This study integrates cultural finance, regime-switching machine learning, and ESG asymmetries into a novel analytical framework tailored to Asia’s unique financial architecture. We develop three models: a Hybrid LSTM-GARCH for crisis forecasting, a Bayesian Structural Equation Model capturing informal institutional dynamics, and a machine learning-enhanced Difference-in-Differences model to assess ESG impacts. Theoretically, we propose the Cultural-Statistical Nexus Framework, embedding sociocultural variables into predictive finance, the concept of institutional plasticity to explain regulatory divergence, and ESG Arbitrage Theory to highlight sustainability’s dual role as risk mitigator and speculative signal. Empirically, Confucian Risk Aversion reduces corporate leverage by 15 percent, ESG adoption lowers systemic risk but increases greenwashing, and hybrid models outperform conventional tools in FX crisis prediction. Practical implications include cultural-risk-adjusted capital buffers, AI-based liquidity tools, and region-specific ESG strategies, advancing a globally inclusive paradigm of financial science.

In this paper, Mn-Fe bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized by simultaneous reduction of a salt mixture of KMnO4 and FeCl3 with glucose as a reducing agent. Degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution, using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent, was used to evaluate the catalytic activity of the material. The material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that cubic manganese oxide nanoparticles were formed at the molar ratio of KMnO4/C6H12O6·H2O = 5/5 and the hydrothermal temperature of 120-220°C, while the oval-shaped structure was formed at the molar ratio of KMnO4/C6H12O6·H2O = 5/40 and the hydrothermal temperature of 220 °C. The cubic Mn-Fe bimetallic nanoparticle was still formed at the molar ratio of Mn/Fe/C6H12O6 = 5/2/5 and the hydrothermal temperature of 120°C, and the methyl orange decomposition efficiency was found to be the highest value of 57% on this catalyst sample.

This study aims to determine and measure the influence of factors attracting domestic tourists to Binh Duong province through quantitative research with 129 domestic tourists, convenience sampling method, data collected from the period from March 1, 2022 to March 31, 2022. There are 5 selected sites: Hoi Khanh pagoda, Dai Nam tourist area, Thuy Chau eco-tourism area, Phu An bamboo village, Cau Mountain - Dau Tieng Lake relic complex. The results of EFA exploratory factor analysis using SPSS software show that there are 5 factors affecting the attraction of domestic tourists to Binh Duong province, including: (1) tourism resources; (2) travel services; (3) tourism products; (4) tourism infrastructure; (5) promotion of tourism. However, the results of the regression analysis show that only the factors "tourism infrastructure" and "tourism resources" affect the ability to attract domestic tourists to Binh Duong, while the other factors donˈt have enough grounds to conclude. On the basis of the research results, this paper proposes management implications to improve the ability to attract more tourists to visit.

Waste in the production process causes waste of resources and resources while not creating real value, which is a major threat, reducing the competitiveness of enterprises. One of the measures that can both improve productivity and reduce costs effectively for enterprises is line balancing. Line balancing effectively maximizes idle time at stations, minimizes the number of workstations as well as uses fewer workers and equipment while still ensuring the company's production output and significantly increases production efficiency. The article focuses on the production line of Vancover Dining chair backrest clusters at Thanh Thang Limited Company. The actual production line still has some problems such as many stages of semi-finished products and too much idle time at some other stages. Therefore, the study proposes a method of rearranging the line in a U-shape to balance the production line to optimize the production process, but also from eliminating non-value-added activities. By reducing waste, enterprises not only save costs but also achieve increased output and shortened production time.

Binh Duong Province is one of the regions with very significant population and labor force growth. The development and transformation of the labor structure have positively contributed to the province's labor productivity growth and economic growth, while at the same time contributing to the development of Vietnam in general. This paper combines descriptive statistics, comparisons, contrasts, and trend assessments to identify the characteristics, changes, and transitions in the labor structure of Binh Duong Province from 2015 to 2023. The results show a sustained increase in population and labor force; the labor structure has moved significantly away from the agricultural sector; demand for technical and assembly workers increased sharply; the number of service and sales workers steadily increased and became mainstream. The challenge for Binh Duong Province is that while the group of highly skilled workers is growing, the increase is not evenly distributed; the group of highly skilled professionals is growing rapidly while the group of intermediate-level professionals and secretaries is declining due to replacement by technology.

Assessing the current status of solid waste management in the leather footwear industry of Can Sports Vietnam Co., Ltd. in particular to identify urgent issues in solid waste management. Through the assessment process, it was found that the company has implemented well the steps of solid waste management from classification, collection and storage, according to the provisions of law and customers. However, there are still difficulties in management arising from workers' awareness, management costs, and facilities when storing waste. With the amount of solid waste increasing according to production needs, the topic has proposed appropriate solutions such as disseminating detailed instructions on the classification process to workers and establishing reward, and incentive mechanisms for improvement projects to help reduce solid waste in production.

Due to the limitations of traditional adsorbents for dyeing wastewater, this study combined natural adsorbent (CS, chitosan) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) to form a composite for enhancing the adsorption of aqueous Congo red (CR). The chitosan was prepared from crab shells (Somanniathelphusa sinensis) with a deacetylation degree of about 89%. The HAp and HAp-CS composites were prepared by precipitation in high pH (~10) with the help of concentrated ammonia water (25%). The crab shell chitosan and chitin were characterized by the FTIR method, and the HAp and HAp-CS composites were analyzed using the SEM method. The CR adsorption experiments were carried out in batch form and sampled once for each condition. The results showed that the characteristic peaks in the FTIR spectrum confirmed the success of the crab shell chitosan preparation. The HAp and HAp-CS composites possess porous structures and seem to have a high surface area. The CR adsorptions reached optimal after 5-15 min. contacting, the adsorption efficiency tended to decrease with the initial concentration of CR and increase with the adsorbent dosage. The initial pH of the solution affected the adsorption efficiency for the 70%HAp-CS and 30%HAp-CS composites but had almost no effect on the adsorption capacity of 0%HAp-CS and 50%HAp-CS. The 50%HAp-CS composite had the best adsorption capacity among the synthesized composites (qmax = 769.2mg/g). The adsorption isotherm and kinetics best fit the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics model.

The excellent flexibility of graphene materials that allows them to adjust to the curvature of the substrate surface, chemical surface inertness, and impermeability have attracted considerable attention in the past decade as a blending material and an additive in anti-corrosion coatings. In this paper, we present the role of graphene in enhancing the protective properties of anti-corrosion coatings on metal surfaces with the aim of improving the anti-corrosion performance and extending the life of the coating on metal structures, comparing the anti-corrosion ability of graphene with some types of metal oxide materials such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide. The methods of graphene fabrication and the method of blending graphene into the coating composition give results on mechanical properties, wettability, antibacterial properties, anti-corrosion properties, fire resistance and current research trends in graphene-based coating materials and explore optimal solutions for applications in the paint industry.

In recent years, asymmetric gold nanoparticles have attracted a lot of attention from researchers owing to their unique properties and varied applications in many fields. In this study, gold nanobranches were prepared using a one-step, green reducing method, with the HEPES buffer acting as both a reducing agent and surfactant. The formation of gold nanoparticles was evaluated using UV-Vis spectroscopy by controlling several practical factors, including the volume of gold salt precursor, the concentration of HEPES buffer, and the solution pH. The morphologies and crystallization of the gold nanobranches were characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that under the optimal synthesis conditions, namely 250 µL of 5 mM HAuCl₄, 0.10 M HEPES, and a pH of 7.5, most of the gold particles in the colloidal solution exhibited multiple branches, with an average size ranging from 20 to 35 nm and high crystal density. This study presented a simple synthesis method utilizing eco-friendly substances to replace conventional reducing agents, contributing to the sustainable development of nanotechnology.

Resistant starch (RS) is an insoluble fibre stable under various food processing conditions, including high temperatures and pH levels. RS has many beneficial effects on human health, such as positive effects on digestive tract activity, microflora, blood cholesterol levels, glycemic index, diabetes control, increased satiety and effective weight loss. Recently, RS has emerged as a comprehensive health improvement solution. This report helps to clarify the basis of the effects and applications of this type of starch.

Pain is a global health concern that requires the attention of the healthcare services. This study aimed to evaluate nurses’ knowledge, skills on pain management for caring post – transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) as well as explore the relationship between knowledge and skill regarding pain management for post – TURP patients. This study was conducted on 230 nurses who have worked at two public hospitals in Ho Chi Minh city from April to June 2024. The result showed that the majority of nurses were female, had a mean age of 37.3 years and an average of 13.7 years of direct clinical experience. Of these, 57.4% of nurses have attended the previous pain training course. The majority of nurses lack knowledge regarding pain management with 86.5%. The study also indicated that nurses’ educational level, knowledge and attitude toward pain management are significant predictive factors of nurses’ skills on pain management when caring post – TURP patients. Knowledge on pain management had a very strong positive correlation with attitude (r = 0.820, p < 0.001) as well as skills (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Besides, there was a very strong and positive correlation between attitude and skills on pain management (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). There was a mediating relationship between knowledge, attitude and skills on pain management, attitude played a partial mediating role between knowledge and skills. In summary, the study indicates a need for targeted educational interventions to bridge the gap between knowledge and skills in pain management, particularly in non-pharmacological strategies, to improve overall care for post-TURP patients.

The objective of this paper is to describe the empty calories consumption using the application of some behavior change models (theories). The alarming rise in empty calories consumption, encompassing fast foods, junk foods, and ultra-processed foods, poses a significant threat to global public health. This review synthesizes existing literature on the prevalence, health implications, and determinants of empty calories consumption. Findings reveal a robust link between empty calories intake and various chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. The socio-ecological model (SEM) provides a framework for understanding the multifaceted influences on empty calories consumption, spanning individual, social, community, organizational, and policy levels. Other related theories are equally important in discerning empty calories consumption nowadays. This paper concludes by advocating for a multi-faceted approach to mitigate empty calories consumption, incorporating targeted interventions at individual, community, and policy levels

The study aimed to evaluate disease knowledge, perceived susceptibility and compliance behaviors of post-kidney transplant patients as well as assess relationship between disease knowledge, perceived susceptibility and compliance behaviors. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 153 post-kidney transplant patients from March to June 2024 at Outpatient Department of Cho Ray hospital. The result showed that the majority of respondents have a lack of knowledge regarding medication and lifestyle change post kidney transplantation. While perceived susceptibility of respondents were at a fair level. Majority of respondents has a low level of perception regarding barriers to adherence and susceptibility to transplant rejection, while they have a good level of perception regarding benefits of adherence to treatment with immunosuppressive medication. Compliance behavior of post kidney transplant adults was at a good level. Majority of respondents had good compliance behavior regarding medication, while exercise and psychological adaptation was the lowest level of compliance behavior. There are positive relationships between Compliance behaviors and disease knowledge (r = 0.49, p < 0.001); perceived susceptibility (r = 0.45, p < 0.001) and perceived susceptibility plays a partial mediating role between knowledge and compliance behaviors and the mediating effect accounted for 31% of the total effect of disease knowledge on compliance behavior. The study also indicated that educational level (ꞵ = 0.93, p = 0.020), duration of transplant (ꞵ = 0.20, p = 0.012) are predictive factors of compliance behavior among post – kidney transplant patients. Educational interventions targeting both knowledge and health beliefs, particularly for older individuals, could improve adherence to treatment and overall health outcomes.