Pain is a global health concern that requires the attention of the healthcare services. This study aimed to evaluate nurses’ knowledge, skills on pain management for caring post – transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) as well as explore the relationship between knowledge and skill regarding pain management for post – TURP patients. This study was conducted on 230 nurses who have worked at two public hospitals in Ho Chi Minh city from April to June 2024. The result showed that the majority of nurses were female, had a mean age of 37.3 years and an average of 13.7 years of direct clinical experience. Of these, 57.4% of nurses have attended the previous pain training course. The majority of nurses lack knowledge regarding pain management with 86.5%. The study also indicated that nurses’ educational level, knowledge and attitude toward pain management are significant predictive factors of nurses’ skills on pain management when caring post – TURP patients. Knowledge on pain management had a very strong positive correlation with attitude (r = 0.820, p < 0.001) as well as skills (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). Besides, there was a very strong and positive correlation between attitude and skills on pain management (r = 0.91, p < 0.001). There was a mediating relationship between knowledge, attitude and skills on pain management, attitude played a partial mediating role between knowledge and skills. In summary, the study indicates a need for targeted educational interventions to bridge the gap between knowledge and skills in pain management, particularly in non-pharmacological strategies, to improve overall care for post-TURP patients.

The study aimed to evaluate disease knowledge, perceived susceptibility and compliance behaviors of post-kidney transplant patients as well as assess relationship between disease knowledge, perceived susceptibility and compliance behaviors. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 153 post-kidney transplant patients from March to June 2024 at Outpatient Department of Cho Ray hospital. The result showed that the majority of respondents have a lack of knowledge regarding medication and lifestyle change post kidney transplantation. While perceived susceptibility of respondents were at a fair level. Majority of respondents has a low level of perception regarding barriers to adherence and susceptibility to transplant rejection, while they have a good level of perception regarding benefits of adherence to treatment with immunosuppressive medication. Compliance behavior of post kidney transplant adults was at a good level. Majority of respondents had good compliance behavior regarding medication, while exercise and psychological adaptation was the lowest level of compliance behavior. There are positive relationships between Compliance behaviors and disease knowledge (r = 0.49, p < 0.001); perceived susceptibility (r = 0.45, p < 0.001) and perceived susceptibility plays a partial mediating role between knowledge and compliance behaviors and the mediating effect accounted for 31% of the total effect of disease knowledge on compliance behavior. The study also indicated that educational level (ꞵ = 0.93, p = 0.020), duration of transplant (ꞵ = 0.20, p = 0.012) are predictive factors of compliance behavior among post – kidney transplant patients. Educational interventions targeting both knowledge and health beliefs, particularly for older individuals, could improve adherence to treatment and overall health outcomes.

This study developed a dataset on land cover to analyze the continuous urban land extension in Buôn Ma Thuột City, located in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, from 2000 to 2023. The analysis employed object-based image analysis (OBIA) for backward classification and calculated expansion indices. The results reveal that the total urban land area increased by 22.75% over two decades, despite an average annual population growth rate of only 1.91%. The spatial growth exhibited relatively uniform growth in all directions, but it was most concentrated in the urban core and the northern and eastern parts of Hoa Thuan, Tan Loi, Tan An, Tan Hoa, and Tan Lap wards. This expansion included edge development (6.69%), leapfrog expansion (18.39%), and infill increase (5.44%). Driving factors, analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficients, indicate that urban land growth between 2000 and 2023 was positively influenced by GDP, urban population, and total population but was inversely correlated with the poverty rate. This study provides quantitative methodologies for better understanding urban land dynamics and offers practical strategies for sustainable urban development.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between work environment and job satisfaction among nurses in selected hospitals in Vietnam to propose a framework for improving nursing practice. Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was used and 375 nurses were randomly selected. Data were collected using validated instruments: the Nursing Work Index Practice Environment Scale and the Job Satisfaction Survey. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Descriptive statistics were used to measure the variables. Differences in work environment and job satisfaction were examined according to demographic data using independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the work environment was scored as 2.64 (SD = .42) and the job satisfaction was scored as 3.52 (SD = .47). The work environment was highly correlated with job satisfaction (r = .52, p < .01). Furthermore, long working hours in a week can lead to decreased job satisfaction among employees. Conclusion: These results indicate that the work environment is one of the key factors affecting job satisfaction. This study underscores the need for creating a supportive work environment in hospitals to enhance quality nursing care.

This paper focuses on the application of the two-step flow theory in university admission communication strategies, particularly in the context of university autonomy in Vietnam. The two-step flow theory, developed by Katz and Lazarsfeld (1955), emphasizes the role of opinion leaders in transmitting messages from the information source to the target audience. In addition to analyzing the core elements of the theory and the methods of identifying and utilizing influential individuals within the educational community, this study proposes solutions for applying digital tools to support communication processes. These solutions include optimizing content and search engine tools, organizing both online and offline communication events, and closely coordinating with opinion leaders to implement proactive, flexible, and creative admission communication campaigns that are sustained throughout the process. Consequently, the study aims to enhance the quality of university admissions in the context of digital transformation

This research provided a comprehensive linguistic analysis of translation practices applied to two articles on "Advances in Nuclear Fusion and Its Application," employing Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as the primary analytical framework. The study meticulously examined the contextual, grammatical, and cohesion aspects of the English source text from The Guardian and its Vietnamese counterpart from VietnamNet. Through comparative analysis, the study identified key linguistic phenomena, translation challenges, and strategic decisions made during the translation process. This research contributes to the field by offering insights into the complexities of translating scientific and technical content between English and Vietnamese, highlighting the role of the SFL in achieving accurate and contextually appropriate translations.

Tan An was a former province in the Mekong Delta, now part of Long An Province, Vietnam. During the Vietnamese resistance against French colonialism (1945-1954), in addition to military, political, and economic activities, Tan An province vigorously organized and developed general education, becoming a highlight of the educational movement during the war in southern Vietnam. Using the methods of writing educational history and oral history, this article outlines the process of organizing and conducting general education in Tan An and its impact on the local resistance efforts. The results show that despite continuous warfare, general education activities in Tan An persisted, achieving significant accomplishments in eradicating illiteracy, raising public awareness, developing teaching staff, and constructing schools and classrooms suitable for wartime conditions. The educational development process in Tan An provides valuable lessons for building and developing general education during wartime, including experiences in leveraging the tradition of self-reliance to advance education and mobilizing community contributions when the state focused all resources on the war effort.

Over several decades, a combination of historical, economic, and political factors have influenced the multifaceted phenomenon of Vietnamese return migration from Cambodia. This article examines the return migration of Vietnamese from a historical perspective with document and contextual analysis, revealing a broader picture of the socio-economic and political dynamics in Cambodia and the historical relationship between Cambodia and Vietnam. Before the 1990s, return migration was significantly influenced by colonial-era migration policies and pervasive anti-Vietnamese sentiments. These factors led to violent repression and forced evictions under regimes such as Lon Nol and the Khmer Rouge, profoundly impacting the Vietnamese community in Cambodia. In contrast, administrative governance and economic factors have become the key determinants of Vietnamese return migration in the contemporary period. Understanding the underlying causes and mechanisms that create the situation for Vietnamese in Cambodia and their return is crucial, serving as a basis for addressing their current challenges and promoting their social integration in both countries.

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of credit risk management on profitability of commercial banks in Vietnam. While the existing literature emphasizes the necessity for a more in-depth study and additional empirical evidence to elucidate intricate relationships between market dynamics and credit risk, particularly in the context of commercial banks in Southeast Asia, there remains a gap in comprehensive studies, with a specific focus on Vietnam. The secondary data was collected from 20 commercial banks from the country for the period of 11 years, from 2012 to 2022. The study used non-performing loans ratio (NPLR), capital adequacy ratio (CAR) as well as loan-loss provision ratio (LLPR) as proxies of credit risk while the financial performance is measured by return on equity (ROE). Moreover, the bank's characteristics, such as its size (SIZE), the macroeconomic inflation rate (INF), and a dummy variable that looks at how ownership type (OWN) affects the bank's profitability are all applied to quantify the independent variables. The model does not exhibit the multicollinearity issue, according to the mean Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) data. The regression results reveal that SIZE, CAR and INF variables have a significant positive effect on ROE, while the NPLR variable has an opposite significant effect on ROE. Nevertheless, there is no connection between the ROE-measured financial performance of commercial banks and the OWN or LLPR variables. This offers further valuable insights to bankers and policy makers in credit risk management of commercial banks in Vietnam to enhance the stability of the Vietnamese banking system.

The article explores the influence of the mother tongue (Vietnamese) on practicing to develop first-year students’ English writing skills at Thu Dau Mot University. Analytical data was collected from 100 first-year students majoring in English Language at the Faculty of Foreign Languages - Thu Dau Mot University. Research results show that students are still greatly influenced by Vietnamese (first language) in the process of practicing English writing skills. Among the students surveyed, up to 58.4% said they were still influenced by the way of thinking in Vietnamese, and then switched to English to follow the writing style of Vietnamese. … The remaining % said they had practiced writing in English through many writing activities at English centers and had practiced writing through thinking in English. The rest of the article proposes some solutions to help students overcome the above barriers to develop effective writing skills.

ABSTRACT The world’s financial market has recently suffered from many fluctuations due to currency changes and the crisis, especially after the bank collapsed in the United States, cryptocurrencies have become one of the leading choices made by many investors in the world. It is undoubted that the development of cryptocurrency is an inevitable trend in society's future. In that context, updating knowledge about the general development trend of the financial market as well as about the cryptocurrency system is indispensable for everyone, especially young people - the generation that holds the global economy's future. Therefore, it is urgent to present and educate the cryptocurrency framework to college students. If there is no action taken, economics instructors will run the risk their students are left back in this flourishing and endlessly changeable economy. To start the educational story about cryptocurrency, it is crucial to define the measurements of students' awareness about the medium ahead of teaching-related materials. The data of the study are collected from 355 survey samples conducted by students in Ho Chi Minh City. The survey consists of 15 questions using various scales, designed by the researchers and using MS Excel 2016 for quantitative analysis, including using percentages, frequencies. The results show that the students' awareness is still low despite the significance of knowing about cryptocurrency. But they are also gradually realizing the necessity of things and are willing to improve their own knowledge of this aspect. Keywords: education, cryptocurrencies, students’ perceptions

This study aims to investigate students’ common errors in Vietnamese-English translation. For the objectives, 70 first-year students at Foreign Trade University – Ho Chi Minh campus, were invited to participate in this study. To identify students’ errors in Vietnamese-English translation, the participants were asked to complete five weekly assignments. The results revealed that students made grammatical, lexical, and spelling errors. The causes of these observed errors were also indicated, which included the difference between English and Vietnamese, inadequate culture background, students’ insufficient linguistic competence in English language and Vietnamese language, lack of cultural background knowledge, students’ inappropriate translation strategies, interference of Vietnamese, misunderstanding, and students’ carelessness. In addition, some suggestions were offered in the light of the findings identified in the study to help students improve their translation ability.

The patriotic activities of teachers, students, and pupils in the temporarily occupied regions of Long An – Kien Tuong were a particularly important part of the open political struggle on enemy territory during the resistance against the United States. Immediately after the 1954 Geneva Agreement, many schools in Long An – Kien Tuong established revolutionary bases. Some teachers mobilized colleagues, students, and the public to fight against anti-communist activities, forced conscription, and to demand civil rights and democracy. In subsequent years, Long An – Kien Tuong became the site of numerous diverse and creative struggles (rallies, demonstrations, leafleting, journalism, cultural activities...), attracting the participation of many educators and students. Some teachers and students actively participated in armed and covert operations, displaying many heroic acts of combat and sacrifice. Alongside activities in liberated areas, the struggle of teachers and students in the temporarily occupied regions of Long An – Kien Tuong contributed distinctive values, enhancing the illustrious history and tradition of Long An province's education sector today.

Abstract Cultural relations between Vietnam and China, of course, need no further assertions. But this process of cultural relations, then requires further studies to see the diversity of this cultural relationship. We, in this report, present the cultural relationship between Vietnam and China through poems written on the topic of Zen - Buddhist on the way to the mission of Vietnamese ambassadors in the last 18th century and early 19th century, in three main aspects: the reception of the Buddhist cultural space, the sense of meditation in front of the temple, and the intimacy between the envoyers and the Zen masters and officials of the North. From there, we hope to contribute an additional perspective on the Vietnamese people's position - the same level position, in the cultural exchange between Vietnam and China. Keywords: Cultural relations, Enyoy poetry, Envoyer, Vietnam - China, Zen - Buddhist.

Culture plays an important role in shaping the perceptions, beliefs, and experiences of refugees as they navigate decisions and actions in a new society. Based on an analysis of 88 oral history interviews conducted by the Vietnamese American Heritage Foundation (VAHF) with Vietnamese refugees in the US after the war, this paper examines the relationship between culture and social integration, particularly the cultural values that Vietnamese refugees have chosen and promoted to help them adapt quickly and successfully in the new society. Using a thematic analysis method, cultural values such as self-effort, a studious tradition, sacrifice, and intergenerational responsibility help Vietnamese refugees improve their socio-economic status after a period of settlement in the U.S. The stories specifically illustrate how Vietnamese people have applied cultural values to social integration strategies, establishing connections between culture and economic opportunities within the socio-economic conditions of the United States.

International students’ experiences are a major concern for universities and educational researchers. Globally, Vietnam is a top source country for international students but little is known about their experience. This study explores the everyday experiences of 10 Vietnamese master’s students from a New Zealand university through a series of semi-structured in-depth interviews. A qualitative approach enabled me to capture the essential meanings of the participants’ experiences and understand what it was like to be Vietnamese students in New Zealand. In academic settings, the students initially struggled to deal with a range of problems related to language and communication. These made them feel overwhelmed and bewildered. During these formative months, many of them experienced language difficulties. These difficulties forced them to learn to deal with challenges and become independent. This research helps universities become more aware of the experience of foreign students studying at the host universities, and thereby take measures to support them in their studies and daily life.

This paper aims to apply FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) tool in the wood production process of Minh Duong Wood Company. In this study, the process evaluation indicators according to FMEA were analyzed such as failure severity - S (Severity value), failure frequency - O (Occurrence number), error detection ability. failure - D (Detection number), risk priority factor - RPN (Risk Priority Number). The research results show that the failure modes of the process have been systematically and comprehensively identified. Fault types are ranked as priority for improvement and corresponding solutions have been proposed.

As a response to global warming and climate change, climate change adaptation aims to lessen the susceptibility of social and biological systems to relatively abrupt change and so counteract the effects of global warming. Openness and cooperation are key tenets of an adaptation strategy; as a result, mechanisms for a wide range of stakeholders are included in the creation and execution of adaptation strategies. However, few poor nations have made a point of involving stakeholders in decision-making processes for climate change adaptation. In many regions of the world, there is a notable dearth of concrete plans to include stakeholders in the adaptation of policy-making and implementation. This study uses Viet Nam as a case study to evaluate the level of stakeholder involvement in climate change adaptation strategies. The findings demonstrate that the Vietnamese government has adopted a "top-down" decision-making strategy, in which the government plays the primary role, communities and NGOs have a minimal impact on the creation and implementation of policies, and the private sector is only involved in the implementation phase. Stakeholder participation has generally been acknowledged in Vietnam, although the country's national climate change policies have not been adequately implemented. As a result, the policies for adaptation are unlikely to be effective in the unique settings of diverse places and may not be embraced by all stakeholders, which may ultimately limit adaptation activities. Viet Nam is advised to encourage participation by many stakeholders in the formulation of policy. Other countries can adopt the lessons from Vietnam while creating their adaptation policies.

Vietnamese immigrants in the United States encounter a variety of acculturation issues that affect them as individuals, families, and as members of their communities. It is evidenced in the literature that low-socio status immigrants suffered from those acculturation challenges. However, there is scant research on how acculturation affects high-socio status immigrants in general and Vietnamese American immigrants in particular. To better understand how high-educated Vietnamese families coped with acculturation in the United States, this research used semi-structured interviews to examine the acculturation issues they encountered and the techniques they utilized to overcome those issues. Four well-educated participants were interviewed one-on-one for 20-30 minutes each by Google Meet in Vietnamese whenever they were available. The interviews were transcribed using unfocused transcription, and the data was analyzed using grounded theory technique. Results showed that high-educated Vietnamese immigrants in the United States face three major acculturation challenges: orientation, the necessity of better economic and self-esteem needs. However, women seemed to be under more acculturative stress owing to their lower levels of English proficiency and work satisfaction, according to the findings. In terms of coping methods, the husbands use integration acculturation tactics to deal with their issues. Separation methods were adopted by the women at various periods in their life, despite the fact that they are eager to become fully integrated members of American culture. They are unable to do so due to a lack of urgency and lack of access to cultural integration.

Oral history is both a method of gathering information and an important source of historical data in social history and public history. The narratives of individuals are not only exploited to find historical facts or “additional” details to a grand narrative but uncover the meaning of individuals’ stories for a broader social context. That shift has made oral history increasingly an interdisciplinary research method. However, compared with the popularity of oral history in international academic disciplines, the application of this research method restricts in Vietnam. This article presents the possibilities and prospects of oral history through different research topics/fields in history, at the same time, specify the causes of obstacles to the legitimization of oral history in Vietnam.

The Southeast region, in prehistory and protohistory, established the space of Dong Nai archeological culture. Since the 16th to 17th centuries, the Southeast had been discovered by the Vietnamese people, in which they established sovereignty and administrative structure. Over three centuries of formation and development, the Southeast region has created many changes in geographic names and administrative structures as required by the historical context of each period. This article presents the overview of the administrative restructuring process in the Southeast region in some important historical milestones during the development process hereof. With the presentation of administrative structures in the Southeast region, the article contributes to systemizing the historical periods of formation and development of the region. It also opens further dialogues for the study of historical and cultural characteristics of the Southeast region.

Chau Pha Lake is one of the large reservoirs providing water for domestic, irrigation and production of people in Phu My town, Ba Ria Vung Tau province. This study was conducted to analyze the parameters of pH, temperature, DO, BOD5, COD, N-NH4+, P-PO43-, TSS, turbidity, total Coliform on 16 samples in 2020 and the water quality index calculation WQI. The analysis results show that the water quality of Chau Pha lake in the rainy season is quite good, all parameters reach the limit value A2 according to QCVN 08:2015/BTNMT; however, in the dry season, the values of parameters DO, BOD5, P-PO43, TSS exceed the limit value A2 but not significantly; WQI values fluctuate at a fairly high level from 71 to 92, which is correlated with turbidity, COD, and BOD5 parameters. Thus, the average WQI of the lake reaches 85.4 points, corresponding to level 2 (green) - water used for domestic water supply purposes but needs appropriate treatment measures.

In the context of economic integration along with the development of industrial parks, enterprises are always innovating modern and advanced technology, improve the quality of products of enterprises to increase competitiveness in international economic integration. This study assesses the progress of completion, the inadequacies after applying the drawing management process in iso room age Vietnam and the management storage regulations of the enterprise, thereby making flawed comments and propose solutions in the management process after being put into practice at the company. Use interdisciplinary research methods of archiving, drawing records, survey results and speaks to the importance of managing and storing drawings in the mechanical engineering industry.showing the level of completion and outstanding shortcomings of the process. The survey results provide the basis for the shortcomings, which need to be improved in the process and thorough remedies to improve the quality of technical drawing management process

The electricity obtained from the photovoltaic (PV) system highly depends on various factors such as geographical location, solar radiation, weather conditions and orientation of solar panels. The electricity produced by the solar PV system can be assessed by using simulations. This paper presents a technical feasibility assessment of a 10 kWp rooftop solar PV system for a household in Thu Dau Mot City, Vietnam. The study presents the amount of electricity produced, the performance of the PV system and the system potential to reduce CO2 emissions into the environment. The designing and evaluating of the system performance is done by PV*SOL, PVsyst and PVGIS software. The project provides useful information for the pre-feasibility assessment phase of a residential solar PV project in Vietnam.