Agricultural tourism (agritourism) has become an emerging development pathway in the Mekong Delta, where agriculture, culture, and water-based ecosystems intersect to form distinctive rural landscapes. Within Vietnam’s broader agenda of rural restructuring and sustainable development, agritourism in the region has gradually evolved from small-scale household initiatives into a more organized sector shaped by the interaction of state policies, enterprise strategies, and community participation. This study examines how these three actors collectively influence agritourism development in the Mekong Delta. Using a qualitative research design and an embedded case study approach, the analysis draws on national and provincial policy documents, industry reports, and representative agritourism models such as My Khanh Tourist Village, Con Son Community Cooperative, Con Chim Ecotourism Site, Con Ong experiential farm, and the Dinh Yen Mat weaving craft village. The findings indicate that since 2010, the Vietnamese government has established a policy framework promoting experiential agriculture-based tourism, regional connectivity, climate-resilient development, and cultural preservation, thereby enabling enterprises to upgrade facilities, diversify tourism services, and expand regional tour circuits. At the same time, local communities have reorganized tourism activities through cooperative and community-based models that integrate agricultural practices, culinary heritage, and craft traditions into visitor experiences. Successful initiatives demonstrate improvements in income generation, employment opportunities, cultural continuity, and environmental awareness. However, agritourism in the Mekong Delta still faces challenges, including fragmented policy implementation, limited destination management capacity, weak interprovincial coordination, repetitive tourism products, and environmental pressures associated with climate change. The study argues that the sustainability of agritourism in the region depends on strengthening the alignment between policy frameworks, enterprise innovation, and communitybased stewardship.

Silicene nanoribbons (SiNRs), as one-dimensional derivatives of silicene, exhibit highly anisotropic charge transport and hold significant promise for future nanoelectronics applications. In this work, we systematically investigate the structural stability and electronic properties of hydrogen-passivated SiNRs doped with aluminum using first-principles density functional theory calculations performed with the VASP package. Several possible Al substitutional doping configurations are examined, among which three representative geometries-top, valley, and 1-1 arrangements-are identified as energetically stable, while other configurations undergo severe structural distortions or bond breaking during structural relaxation. Formation energy analysis indicates that the 1-1 alloy configuration is the most thermodynamically favorable due to the symmetric distribution of Al dopants and a balanced local bonding environment. Electronic structure calculations reveal that pristine hydrogenated SiNRs are narrow-gap semiconductors with a band gap of approximately 0.325 eV, whereas all stable Al-doped systems undergo a transition to semi-metallic behavior. This electronic transformation originates from the incorporation of group-III aluminum atoms, which introduce hole carriers and shift the Fermi level, leading to enhanced electrical conductivity. In addition, the tunability of the electronic properties is further explored under a constant external electric field of 0.15 eV/Å, demonstrating additional control over the electronic response of the doped nanoribbons. These results highlight aluminum doping, in combination with external electric-field modulation, as an effective strategy for tailoring the electronic characteristics of silicene nanoribbons and suggest promising opportunities for the design of low-dimensional materials with controllable transport properties for advanced nanoelectronics and optoelectronic applications.

This paper presents the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart home model that integrates voice control and environment-based automation. The proposed system uses an ESP32 microcontroller as the main IoT communication module and an Arduino Mega 2560 for local hardware control. Several sensors and modules, including a DHT22 temperature-humidity sensor, MQ-4 gas sensor, rain sensor, and RFID authentication module, are integrated to support environmental monitoring, safety detection, and automated device operation. The system communicates with the E-Ra IoT platform to provide real-time monitoring and remote control through a web-based interface, while voice commands are implemented using Google Assistant. A physical prototype was developed and tested under normal operating conditions. Experimental results show that the system operates reliably and responds quickly to control commands, with an average response time of less than 1 second for basic device operations. The proposed model demonstrates the feasibility of building a low-cost and flexible smart home system suitable for research, educational applications, and small-scale residential environments.

This article investigates modality in UK news discourse on natural disasters, drawing on a corpus of 50 disaster-related news reports collected from five UK online newspapers. The corpus comprises 23,804 words, with an average length of 476 words per report. Methodologically, the study adopts a mixed-methods design, integrating qualitative descriptive analysis to identify, categorize, and interpret modal expressions in context with quantitative analysis to determine the frequency and distribution of modal resources across the corpus. All texts were annotated and statistically processed using UAM CorpusTool 6.2. The findings reveal that, out of 386 modal tokens, verbal modality overwhelmingly predominates (328 tokens; 85%), while nonverbal modality is comparatively limited (15%), suggesting hard-news reporting favors more determinate, less overtly subjective forms. Modal auxiliaries are the primary resource, led by will (70), can (50), could (43), and would (36). Adjectival modality is diverse but less frequent overall (28 items), with likely (12) most common, followed by possible (9) and unable/sure (7 each). Adverbial modality is rare, with only definitely (2) and maybe/possibly/perhaps (1 each). This paper advances applied linguistics theory and offers practical insights for improving journalistic communication in Vietnam.

This paper presents the design, implementation, and empirical evaluation of a sophisticated automated alcohol distillation system. The system integrates modern control theory with Internet of Things (IoT) technology to overcome the limitations of traditional manual distillation, which often suffers from inconsistent product quality, high labor dependency, and significant safety risks. The core of the system employs a REX-C100 PID temperature controller for precise thermal regulation, an ESP8266 microcontroller for IoT connectivity, and an array of sensors including a K-type thermocouple and an MQ-3 alcohol concentration sensor for comprehensive process monitoring and safety. A detailed mathematical model of the distillation process and an enhanced PID control algorithm with feedforward compensation are provided. Experimental results demonstrate a 50% reduction in processing time, an increase in process efficiency from 60% to 90%, and a remarkable improvement in product quality consistency from 70% to 95%, all while maintaining a temperature control accuracy of ±1°C. The system successfully enables remote monitoring and control via the Blynk IoT platform, establishing a robust framework for intelligent, safe, and efficient distillation applicable to both small-scale and industrial production

This mixed-methods study examines how fourth-year English majors at Thu Dau Mot University engage in Zalo-based classroom discussions. Using a convergent parallel design, data were collected through a questionnaire (N = 112) and semi-structured interviews (N = 8) to explore behavioral, cognitive, and emotional dimensions of engagement. Findings reveal that Zalo is primarily used for task coordination and passive monitoring, with limited proactive discussion. Students value its functions for planning and language accuracy but perceive discussions as low in intellectual depth. Emotionally, Zalo fosters social connection and comfort in interacting with peers and lecturers but also introduces pressure to keep up and reluctance to express dissent. The study highlights Zalo’s dual role as a facilitator of convenience and a constraint on deeper learning, suggesting the need for intentional instructional design to promote critical thinking and inclusive dialogue.

Abstract This study examines how ChatGPT influences high school students’ cognitive and behavioral engagement in Physics learning, drawing on survey data from 251 students at Vo Minh Duc High School in Ho Chi Minh City. Although generative AI is increasingly adopted in education, little is known about how Vietnamese students use ChatGPT in a cognitively demanding subject like Physics-representing a notable research gapin a cognitively demanding subject like Physics, which represents a notable research gap. Using a mixed-methods design, the study explores how students employ ChatGPT, how they perceive its usefulness and reliability, and how its use shapes learning behaviors. Findings indicate that students commonly use ChatGPT as a self-study aid and perceive it as helpful for understanding complex concepts, yet many express concerns about accuracy and show signs of overreliance when using the tool without guidance. The study highlights the dual impact of ChatGPT-supporting learning while potentially reducing independent thinking-and contributes evidence potentially reducing independent thinking and contributes evidence to inform AI literacy development, teacher training, and pedagogical frameworks for responsible integration of generative AI in secondary education.

This study examines the relationships between Training Quality (TQ), Institutional Support (IS), Faculty Readiness (FR), and Perceived Effectiveness (PE) in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) integration in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Vietnam. Employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data from 418 faculty members from higher education institutions (HEIs) in Vietnam were analyzed to identify key factors influencing the adoption of AI in teaching. The findings reveal that both TQ and IS significantly enhance FR, underscoring the critical importance of comprehensive training programs and institutional resources for preparing faculty to adopt AI. Furthermore, FR has a substantial impact on PE and serves as a mediator between TQ and PE, as well as IS and PE. This highlights the pivotal role of faculty readiness in transforming training and support into perceived improvements in teaching effectiveness. The model demonstrates high predictive relevance for both FR (Q² = 0.55) and PE (Q² = 0.60), suggesting the robustness of the theoretical framework. Despite the study’s limitations, including its focus on Vietnamese HEIs and cross-sectional design, it provides valuable insights for designing effective faculty development and institutional support strategies to facilitate AI integration

The administrative merger in Southeast Vietnam has fundamentally reshaped regional governance, spatial configurations, and development priorities, creating urgent requirements for a more integrated approach to science and technology (S&T) human resource development. To assess the implications of this restructuring, the study employs a mixed-methods design that combines institutional diagnostics, comparative policy analysis, and quantitative evaluation of workforce indicators. Empirical data are sourced from national statistical agencies, ministerial datasets, provincial development reports, and international benchmarking studies. The analysis focuses on the S&T workforce within the newly configured administrative units of expanded Ho Chi Minh City, Dong Nai, and Tay Ninh, examining competency structures, spatial distribution, coordination mechanisms, and post-merger system dynamics. The findings reveal significant disparities in qualification profiles, weak cross-provincial linkages in training and research, and limited alignment between workforce planning and emergent regional development trajectories. Despite these constraints, the merger presents opportunities to consolidate training capacity, strengthen innovation networks, and enhance talent mobility. The study argues for a coordinated regional S&T human resource strategy supported by institutional harmonization, a functionally differentiated training system, AI-enabled workforce planning tools, and expanded regional–national–international cooperation to advance a knowledge-based, climate-adaptive development pathway for Southeast Vietnam.

Pronunciation is an essential factor in English learning. It affects intelligibility, communicative competence, and confidence, which are the primary factors in English language learning and pronunciation. However, the teaching of pronunciation has consistently been given less priority, especially in EFL contexts where it gets overshadowed by grammar and vocabulary. The current study explores the relationship between the attitudes of English majors towards pronunciation learning at a Vietnamese university, including both internal (learner-related) factors and external (contextual and instructional) factors. Using a quantitative method, information was gathered from 371 university students via a specifically designed questionnaire. Based on the results, most participants positively viewed pronunciation learning. Internal factors, like motivation, self-efficacy, and attitudes of learners, exhibited stronger predictive power compared to external factors, such as quality of instruction and support from the institution. In addition, gender and English proficiency were observed to affect the attitudes, with female students and students of higher proficiency having more positive views. Importantly, both internal and external factors were identified as strong predictors of the pronunciation learning attitudes, thus highlighting the combined effect of psychological and methodological influences. This study enhances the comprehension of the continuous interaction between the psychological and instructional factors, calling attention to the necessity of rethinking the curriculum design, teaching practices, and learner support in the context of EFL pronunciation instruction

This study explores non-English major students’ perceptions of the ethical use and plagiarism risks associated with Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in academic writing at Thu Dau Mot University. As AI technologies become increasingly integrated into higher education, concerns about academic integrity, authorship, and originality have intensified. Using a convergent mixed-methods design, data were collected from 108 students through questionnaires and from six participants via semi-structured interviews. Quantitative findings revealed that a majority of students acknowledged the importance of ethical AI use and expressed support for clearer institutional guidelines and teacher training on responsible AI integration. However, uncertainty persisted regarding the ethical boundaries between legitimate assistance and academic misconduct. Qualitative data reinforced these findings, highlighting students’ awareness of AI’s dual role in enhancing writing skills and posing plagiarism risks, particularly through diminished creativity and loss of personal voice. The study underscores the need for localized policies, updated plagiarism regulations, and pedagogical strategies to guide responsible AI use in EFL writing contexts.

Digital transformation in education is an inevitable trend and has been increasingly promoted in Vietnam over the past few years. The application of digital games in mathematics instruction not only alleviates students’ stress and pressure but also fosters engagement and motivation in the learning process. This paper clarifies key concepts related to digital games as well as presents a set of principles and a design process for digital games using the web-based application Pink Cat Games. Based on a proposed four-step process, the paper illustrates the design of a digital game integrated with the mathematics curriculum for second grade. The findings of this research are to provide practical guidance for teachers in designing digital educational games, thereby augmenting the effectiveness of their pedagogical practices.

The rising demand for automation in agriculture and manufacturing necessitates efficient, cost-effective sorting systems to replace labor-intensive manual processes. This paper introduces an innovative system integrating a Siemens S7-1200 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), LabVIEW-based image processing, and OPC (OLE for Process Control) communication for automated tomato sorting. Utilizing real-time vision analysis, the system classifies tomatoes by color and size, offering a low-cost, scalable solution tailored for small-scale industries. A high-resolution camera captures images, processed in LabVIEW using HSV color space and size thresholds, with results relayed via OPC to the PLC, which actuates a stepper motor-driven sorting mechanism. Experimental validation in a controlled setting achieved 92% sorting accuracy and a throughput of 60 tomatoes per minute, surpassing manual sorting in speed and consistency. The modular design supports scalability to other agricultural products, enhancing its practical utility.

This paper presents a method for liquid level stabilization using a fuzzy logic algorithm implemented on the PLC S7-1200. Maintaining liquid levels accurately is a critical requirement in various industrial processes to ensure safety, efficiency, and consistent product quality. The proposed approach employs fuzzy logic to manage the inherent nonlinearities and uncertainties in the system, providing robust control performance under varying operating conditions. The fuzzy controller is designed with rules and membership functions tailored to the dynamic characteristics of the liquid level system. The control logic is programmed and deployed on the Siemens PLC S7-1200, a widely used industrial automation device. Experimental results demonstrate that the fuzzy logic controller effectively stabilizes the liquid level, achieving better performance compared to traditional PID controllers in terms of response time, overshoot, and steady-state error. This study highlights the potential of integrating fuzzy logic with PLCs for advanced industrial automation applications.

This paper is devoted to guiding parents in organizing classrooms and bedrooms for their children, ensuring that they have the most reasonable position to rest and study. That is how to design, arrange, and select items in a room to serve two children of the same sex, aged from 6 to 18. Arrange the bed to suit the cramped housing situation. Install study tables and chairs so that children can sit and study comfortably. Choose to buy a bookshelf and hang it on the wall so that it is steady and within reach of your children's operation and use. Essential daily items are arranged neatly so that children can conveniently take them out, use them, and store them in the right place. Thanks to having an ideal room to rest, study, and conveniently use equipment, children will develop well in literature, physical skills, and aesthetics and will always love their family. Later, when the children grow up, no matter where they go, the image of the beautiful little room of their childhood will always be kept in their memories. The interior design of the classroom and bedroom for two small children in a family is fully and clearly shown in 3D images by us. We have presented how to arrange and install items in the room so that everyone can apply this design to their family situation.

The study aims to explore factors influencing middle school students' motivation to learn. Instead of assuming a general decline in motivation, it objectively examines the issue through research, identifying key influences such as curriculum difficulty, teaching methods, and external pressures. By analyzing survey data from eighth-grade students at Chu Van An Middle School, the study provides evidence-based insights into the challenges affecting student engagement in learning. This research aims to identify the factors affecting the learning motivation of middle school students to help them become more engaged in their studies. In this study, the author designed a survey questionnaire of 8 questions combined with a quantitative method to identify the factors causing a lack of interest in learning among middle school students. The survey was conducted at Chu Van An Middle School in Binh Duong Province. The survey participants were 375 eighth-grade students in the 2024-2025 academic year. According to the survey, 184 male students felt uninterested in learning due to various factors, accounting for 49.07%; 157 female students, accounting for 41.87%; and 34 students of other genders, accounting for 9.07%. Given this situation, it is urgent to propose feasible solutions to help students regain interest in learning.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between work environment and job satisfaction among nurses in selected hospitals in Vietnam to propose a framework for improving nursing practice. Methods: A descriptive correlational research design was used and 375 nurses were randomly selected. Data were collected using validated instruments: the Nursing Work Index Practice Environment Scale and the Job Satisfaction Survey. Data analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Descriptive statistics were used to measure the variables. Differences in work environment and job satisfaction were examined according to demographic data using independent sample t-tests and one-way ANOVA. Results: The results showed that the work environment was scored as 2.64 (SD = .42) and the job satisfaction was scored as 3.52 (SD = .47). The work environment was highly correlated with job satisfaction (r = .52, p < .01). Furthermore, long working hours in a week can lead to decreased job satisfaction among employees. Conclusion: These results indicate that the work environment is one of the key factors affecting job satisfaction. This study underscores the need for creating a supportive work environment in hospitals to enhance quality nursing care.

The papain-like protease (PLPro) is a highly conserved, non-structural protein that plays a crucial role in the formation of the replication-transcription complex and the processing of polyproteins in SARS-CoV-2, as well as improving the host’s antiviral immune responses against said virus. Chalcone is a common ingredient, which can be found in a multitude of natural substances, such as food and herbs. It has been proven to have various biological activities, including antiviral effects. Previous studies have identified several natural chalcone-based compounds with the ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the PLPro enzyme. Based on these findings, this study investigated potential chalcone-derived PLPro inhibitors, as retrieved from Pubchem and in-house libraries. Virtual screening protocols, specifically molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulating filter, were applied to reach the desired goal. As a result, 1448 out of 1454 chalcone derivatives can effectively bind to SARS-CoV-2 via PLPro. The 5 substances with the most suitable docking score and binding mode were selected for the next step. Through MD, CID1021201513 and CID101585417 showed the greatest potential in targeting PLPro. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies must be conducted before the bio-activities of these chalcones against SARS-CoV-2 can be confirmed. Furthermore, the ligand-protein interaction mode analysed in this research can help design effective chalcone derivatives.

Vietnam and India are two countries that had a very early diplomatic relationship nurtured by the people of two countries over time. Among the factors that create strong bond between Vietnam and India, it is impossible not to mention the presence of Indian community. The Indian community in Ho Chi Minh City is creating the cultural diversity of this land. They have also contributed to cultural exchanges with Vietnamese, attracting investment from India, tightening relations between two countries in the new stage of development. The article uses the theory of cultural exchange and acculturation to study the socio-cultural and economic life of Indians in Ho Chi Minh City in the context of urban culture in the era of globalization. The article is designed with two main contents: First, the historical movements of Indian community in Ho Chi Minh City, Second, the acculturation and cultural exchanges between Vietnamese and Indian community in Ho Chi Minh City. The research results aim to analyze and explain the phenomenon of cultural exchange and acculturation in the fields of economics, religion, and clothing. Thereby, the article contributes to providing documents for cultural preservation, attracting investment, and developing spiritual tourism in Ho Chi Minh City.

As the number of healthcare facilities increases, stringent management of wastewater treatment systems becomes imperative. This study investigates a wastewater treatment system designed for a general clinic in Bình Dương Province, Vietnam, which complies with Vietnamese environmental standards. The clinic, located in Bến Cát City, serves approximately 200 patients per day and generates an average wastewater volume of 1.7m³/day. The treatment system, with a capacity of 10m³/day, employs a combination of biological and chemical methods, including anoxic and aerobic processes, to efficiently reduce pollutants. Results indicate that the treated wastewater meets the QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, column A standards, ensuring minimal environmental impact when discharged into the Thi Tinh River. The study demonstrates the system's effectiveness in managing hospital wastewater, contributing to environmental protection and public health.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the wastewater management system implemented at a medical center located within the Bau Bang Industrial Park in Binh Duong province, Vietnam. With a staff of 166 and 60 beds, the facility operates in accordance with TCVN 4470:2012 General Hospital design standards, serving a diverse range of water demands including domestic, medical, and auxiliary requirements. The wastewater management system is meticulously designed to handle both rainwater and wastewater separately. Rainwater is efficiently collected through surface and roof drainage networks, while domestic and medical wastewater undergo discrete collection processes. The medical center's wastewater treatment facility, operating at a capacity of 100 m³/day, employs a multistage treatment process to ensure compliance with stringent regulatory standards (QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, column B, K = 1). This process includes preliminary treatment, anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment, membrane filtration, and disinfection. The facility consistently meets quality parameters outlined in QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, exhibiting effective removal rates for organic pollutants, suspended solids, ammonia, phosphates, and pathogens. Furthermore, the medical center demonstrates commendable environmental stewardship through its stormwater drainage infrastructure, which integrates seamlessly with the local drainage network, safeguarding against environmental contamination. Overall, the wastewater management practices at the medical center exemplify best practices in environmental management within the healthcare sector. This study provides valuable insights into the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of wastewater treatment systems in industrial settings, contributing to the global discourse on sustainable wastewater management practices.

Hoi An is a well-known travel destination for both Vietnamese and foreign visitors, not only because it has a cultural heritage recognized by UNESCO but also because of its other cultural resources, including craft villages. Serving as both attractions and experiences for tourists, craft villages give them the opportunity to create unique mementos of their vacation while also boosting household income and elevating the status of craft villages. How is Hoi An's tourism industry exploiting this resource in tourism? The article conducts a scientific investigation of the role and current state of crafts in the production of souvenirs for tourism in general, particularly in Hoi An's craft villages such as Thanh Ha pottery and Kim Bong carpentry village, using research on souvenirs, observation techniques, and field excursions. The findings demonstrate that handicraft souvenirs are few, have less appealing designs, and have to compete hard with souvenirs from other localities. These results will facilitate the collaborative efforts of Hoi An's tourism stakeholders to identify strategies that guarantee the advantages that tourism brings to craft villages and vice versa.

In recent times, there has been a rapid surge in the advancement of technologies associated with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), particularly in the domains of sensors, networking, and processing. Consequently, substantial investments from both governments and industries have been directed towards the exploration of UAVs, aiming to enhance their performance for secure and dependable deployments. The evolution of design methodologies and the exploration of UAV systems have transitioned from single UAV applications to encompass multi-UAVs and cooperative UAV systems. These systems necessitate a heightened level of coordination and collaboration to execute tasks, demanding innovative networking models, approaches, and mechanisms tailored for highly mobile nodes, encompassing numerous intricate parameters and constraints. The present paper provides comprehensive insights and conducts a meticulous examination of UAV communication protocols, networking systems, architectures, and applications. Furthermore, it delves into UAV solutions while underscoring critical technical challenges and unresolved research issues that warrant further investigation and dedicated research and development endeavors. In this paper, we study some problems and solutions for The Command and Control (C2) aspect of UAV communication systems. We also give some directions for research in near future.

ABSTRACT The world’s financial market has recently suffered from many fluctuations due to currency changes and the crisis, especially after the bank collapsed in the United States, cryptocurrencies have become one of the leading choices made by many investors in the world. It is undoubted that the development of cryptocurrency is an inevitable trend in society's future. In that context, updating knowledge about the general development trend of the financial market as well as about the cryptocurrency system is indispensable for everyone, especially young people - the generation that holds the global economy's future. Therefore, it is urgent to present and educate the cryptocurrency framework to college students. If there is no action taken, economics instructors will run the risk their students are left back in this flourishing and endlessly changeable economy. To start the educational story about cryptocurrency, it is crucial to define the measurements of students' awareness about the medium ahead of teaching-related materials. The data of the study are collected from 355 survey samples conducted by students in Ho Chi Minh City. The survey consists of 15 questions using various scales, designed by the researchers and using MS Excel 2016 for quantitative analysis, including using percentages, frequencies. The results show that the students' awareness is still low despite the significance of knowing about cryptocurrency. But they are also gradually realizing the necessity of things and are willing to improve their own knowledge of this aspect. Keywords: education, cryptocurrencies, students’ perceptions