The objective of this paper is to describe the empty calories consumption using the application of some behavior change models (theories). The alarming rise in empty calories consumption, encompassing fast foods, junk foods, and ultra-processed foods, poses a significant threat to global public health. This review synthesizes existing literature on the prevalence, health implications, and determinants of empty calories consumption. Findings reveal a robust link between empty calories intake and various chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. The socio-ecological model (SEM) provides a framework for understanding the multifaceted influences on empty calories consumption, spanning individual, social, community, organizational, and policy levels. Other related theories are equally important in discerning empty calories consumption nowadays. This paper concludes by advocating for a multi-faceted approach to mitigate empty calories consumption, incorporating targeted interventions at individual, community, and policy levels

The paper presents the results of a study on the essential physical properties of armchair SiSn nanoribbon (SiSnNR) material, based on density functional theory (DFT) using the quantum simulation program VASP. Structural parameters are highlighted along with electronic and optical properties. The findings reveal that SiSnNR exhibits significant differences in bond lengths, bond angles, and buckling compared to SiNR and SnNR. SiSnNR demonstrates semiconducting properties, with a direct band gap width of approximately 0.3123Å calculated using GGA-PBE, increasing to 0.5892Å when using the hybrid HSE06 functional. The results indicate that Sn atoms primarily contribute to energy bands below the Fermi level, while Si atoms contribute more to higher energy levels. The study also highlights the overlap of py and pz orbitals, leading to sp2 and sp3 hybridization. In terms of optical properties, the energy range from 3 to 5eV is where SiSnNR exhibits the strongest light absorption. The largest number of electron-hole pairs is generated within the energy range of 8-10eV, resulting in intense optical absorption and transitions in this region.

This paper presents a method for liquid level stabilization using a fuzzy logic algorithm implemented on the PLC S7-1200. Maintaining liquid levels accurately is a critical requirement in various industrial processes to ensure safety, efficiency, and consistent product quality. The proposed approach employs fuzzy logic to manage the inherent nonlinearities and uncertainties in the system, providing robust control performance under varying operating conditions. The fuzzy controller is designed with rules and membership functions tailored to the dynamic characteristics of the liquid level system. The control logic is programmed and deployed on the Siemens PLC S7-1200, a widely used industrial automation device. Experimental results demonstrate that the fuzzy logic controller effectively stabilizes the liquid level, achieving better performance compared to traditional PID controllers in terms of response time, overshoot, and steady-state error. This study highlights the potential of integrating fuzzy logic with PLCs for advanced industrial automation applications.

This paper is devoted to guiding parents in organizing classrooms and bedrooms for their children, ensuring that they have the most reasonable position to rest and study. That is how to design, arrange, and select items in a room to serve two children of the same sex, aged from 6 to 18. Arrange the bed to suit the cramped housing situation. Install study tables and chairs so that children can sit and study comfortably. Choose to buy a bookshelf and hang it on the wall so that it is steady and within reach of your children's operation and use. Essential daily items are arranged neatly so that children can conveniently take them out, use them, and store them in the right place. Thanks to having an ideal room to rest, study, and conveniently use equipment, children will develop well in literature, physical skills, and aesthetics and will always love their family. Later, when the children grow up, no matter where they go, the image of the beautiful little room of their childhood will always be kept in their memories. The interior design of the classroom and bedroom for two small children in a family is fully and clearly shown in 3D images by us. We have presented how to arrange and install items in the room so that everyone can apply this design to their family situation.

As fossil fuel resources are gradually depleting, countries are increasingly focusing on developing renewable energy as a sustainable alternative. A trend is the shift of the energy market towards a decentralized model, where renewable energy can be traded flexibly. This is partly evidenced by the rise of blockchain-based solutions in the energy sector. Blockchain technology garners attention due to its outstanding advantages such as anonymity, decentralization, and transparency. Therefore, this study explores the application of blockchain in the energy sector. We shed light on four main areas: energy management, peer-to-peer (P2P) trading, applications related to electric vehicles, and carbon credit trading. This paper provides insights into how blockchain technology can act as a catalyst for revolutionizing the energy sector in both management and control

The Sokoto Caliphate, founded by Usmanu Danfodiyo in 1804, was a significant Islamic state in West Africa that spanned a vast region of present-day northern Nigeria and parts of neighboring countries. The Caliphate became a center of Islamic learning, governance, and military activity, with its capital at Sokoto. One of the key institutions that contributed to its strength and expansion was the Ribat. this paper aims to discuss the formation of Gwadabawa Ribat, and its values. The Gwadabawa Ribat successfully provided a food security hub, resettlement area, and security as well to the caliphate. the Gwadabawa Ribat served as a hub for Islamic learning and warfare, protecting the Sokoto Caliphate from enemies. It ensured food security through agriculture, with fertile land suitable for various crops. The establishment of the Ribat was based on Islamic principles, providing a secure environment for the Sokoto Caliphate. Gwadabawa Ribat provided protection for the Sokoto Caliphate; the Ribat promoted Islamic learning and warfare, and agriculture in Gwadabawa ensured food security for the Caliphate.

This paper focuses on the application of the two-step flow theory in university admission communication strategies, particularly in the context of university autonomy in Vietnam. The two-step flow theory, developed by Katz and Lazarsfeld (1955), emphasizes the role of opinion leaders in transmitting messages from the information source to the target audience. In addition to analyzing the core elements of the theory and the methods of identifying and utilizing influential individuals within the educational community, this study proposes solutions for applying digital tools to support communication processes. These solutions include optimizing content and search engine tools, organizing both online and offline communication events, and closely coordinating with opinion leaders to implement proactive, flexible, and creative admission communication campaigns that are sustained throughout the process. Consequently, the study aims to enhance the quality of university admissions in the context of digital transformation

In this paper, the structural properties of crystalline and polycrystalline Cr have been investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The interaction between atoms is modeled via the MEAM potential. Periodic boundary conditions are applied in the x, y, and z directions. The structural characteristics are analyzed through the total energy function, heat capacity, radial distribution function, and angle distribution. Dynamics are evaluated through the analysis of mean squared displacement and diffusion coefficient. The results show that the melting temperature of crystalline Cr is higher than that of polycrystalline Cr, indicating that the polycrystal melts earlier. This information is important when considering material applications in high-temperature environments.

This paper studies the performance of a IoT-relaying node transmission with massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system network. The system is a simple schematic setup which includes one user, one IoT-relaying node and one base station (BS). The user and IoT-relaying node have a single antenna while the BS is equipped with a hundred and/or even a thousand of antennas array. The transmission protocol is performed based on a very simple amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying scheme. To decode the transmitted signal from the user, the BS applies maximum-ratio (MR) combining technique (the combined channel of the links from the user to BS and the IoT-relaying node to the BS) under assumption of perfect channel station (CSI). The exact closed-form of the throughput and the results for the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (when the number of relay antennas goes to large) are analyzed.

Based on previous surveys, it is evident that Food Technology students at Thu Dau Mot University face challenges in learning English, such as limited vocabulary, weak grammar, inaccurate pronunciation, and poor listening and speaking skills. These can lead to declining academic performance and restricted career opportunities. The paper highlights the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in overcoming these challenges. AI tools like Gemini Google can provide personalized learning experiences, improve interaction with the language, and offer immediate feedback. Gemini is specifically chosen due to its free access, Vietnamese interface, and support for over 40 languages. This study demonstrates that Gemini is an effective tool for undergraduate students, particularly those in Food Technology who have weak English backgrounds, to improve their English skills. Gemini improves vocabulary, grammar, speaking, listening, pronunciation, reading, and writing. It offers simple instructions and ideas in both English and Vietnamese, making it ideal for beginners, selflearners, and people with limited English proficiency. Unlike traditional learning, Gemini provides access at any time and from any location, as well as the ability to overcome shyness and blunders. Gemini's large, up-to-date database and user-friendly interface enable personalized learning paths and can be paired with other methods for best language learning. The study also proposes various strategies for utilizing Gemini Google to improve English learning effectiveness in areas like vocabulary, grammar, listening, speaking, reading, writing, and creating a positive learning environment. Furthermore, Gemini's value extends beyond languages, offering assistance in a variety of other areas.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the wastewater management system implemented at a medical center located within the Bau Bang Industrial Park in Binh Duong province, Vietnam. With a staff of 166 and 60 beds, the facility operates in accordance with TCVN 4470:2012 General Hospital design standards, serving a diverse range of water demands including domestic, medical, and auxiliary requirements. The wastewater management system is meticulously designed to handle both rainwater and wastewater separately. Rainwater is efficiently collected through surface and roof drainage networks, while domestic and medical wastewater undergo discrete collection processes. The medical center's wastewater treatment facility, operating at a capacity of 100 m³/day, employs a multistage treatment process to ensure compliance with stringent regulatory standards (QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, column B, K = 1). This process includes preliminary treatment, anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment, membrane filtration, and disinfection. The facility consistently meets quality parameters outlined in QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, exhibiting effective removal rates for organic pollutants, suspended solids, ammonia, phosphates, and pathogens. Furthermore, the medical center demonstrates commendable environmental stewardship through its stormwater drainage infrastructure, which integrates seamlessly with the local drainage network, safeguarding against environmental contamination. Overall, the wastewater management practices at the medical center exemplify best practices in environmental management within the healthcare sector. This study provides valuable insights into the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of wastewater treatment systems in industrial settings, contributing to the global discourse on sustainable wastewater management practices.

Phytoremediation is an ecofriendly that has shown promising results for the contaminants like heavy metals. Because of its advantages as a cost-effective, efficient, environment- and eco-friendly technology based on the use of metal-accumulating plants. This paper aims to compile some information about heavy metals of arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc (As, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) sources, effects and their treatment. It also reviews deeply about phytoremediation technology, including the heavy metal uptake mechanisms and several research studies associated about heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) and aquatic plants are used to process these heavy metals.

In this paper, MIL-53(Al) was synthesized by solvothermal method and its application as an adsorbent to remove rhodamine B from aqueous solution. The material was characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the material has a large specific surface area (1028.3 m2/g). The rhodamine B adsorption on MIL-53(Al) occurs very quickly in the first minutes of contact. Two pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order adsorption kinetic models, and two adsorption isotherm models, including Langmuir and Freundlich, were used to analyze the adsorption data.

In recent times, there has been a rapid surge in the advancement of technologies associated with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), particularly in the domains of sensors, networking, and processing. Consequently, substantial investments from both governments and industries have been directed towards the exploration of UAVs, aiming to enhance their performance for secure and dependable deployments. The evolution of design methodologies and the exploration of UAV systems have transitioned from single UAV applications to encompass multi-UAVs and cooperative UAV systems. These systems necessitate a heightened level of coordination and collaboration to execute tasks, demanding innovative networking models, approaches, and mechanisms tailored for highly mobile nodes, encompassing numerous intricate parameters and constraints. The present paper provides comprehensive insights and conducts a meticulous examination of UAV communication protocols, networking systems, architectures, and applications. Furthermore, it delves into UAV solutions while underscoring critical technical challenges and unresolved research issues that warrant further investigation and dedicated research and development endeavors. In this paper, we study some problems and solutions for The Command and Control (C2) aspect of UAV communication systems. We also give some directions for research in near future.

Industrial robots have become one of the effective support tools for human labor. Robots are a solution to replace humans in repetitive tasks and in environments where humans cannot work. Robots have become one of the factors responding to the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Automatic control devices require high-precision control quality. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on researching controlling the position of the actuator accurately based on the PID algorithm. First, we study the forward and inverse kinematics of a three-joint robot. Second, we design the robot model on inventor software and transfer the 3d model in inventor software to Matlab Simmechanics. Third, modeling robot model on Simulink to simulate and evaluate the results achieved

In engineering and science problems, the data being considered are often known in the form of sets of discrete points, not as a continuous function. In applications, the values of the discrete data at specific points may be required to estimate. To solve these problems, a common mathematical approach is to use the interpolation method. In this paper, we use the cubic natural spline interpolation method to build approximate functions for some real data in Vietnam such as data on rice output and rice area of cultivation, data on expenditure and income per capita. The data used in this paper are extracted from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. We develop some Matlab programs to find the coefficients of splines and calculate the values of the interpolation functions at specific points. Using the obtained interpolation function, some missing values in the data on income and expenditure per capita in the Southeast region of Vietnam in 2019 and 2021 are estimated. Furthermore, some unknown data on rice productivity and cultivation area are obtained in a similar manner. A good agreement between the calculated values and actual values are found.

This article's primary goals are to provide design drawings, a description of the structure, an explanation of the working principle, and a kinematics calculation for text stamping machines. This machine has an electric motor, a gear-pinion transmission, a rotating disc-rod-slider mechanism and a hinged four-way mechanism. This is a simple, reasonably priced and useful device for administrative agencies' workstations. An ordinary administrative worker can also operate it. This device is about the same size as a laptop or printer. It operates by clamping the seal, stamping constantly onto A4 pages. The stamping speed can also be changed by varying the shaft speed of the electric motor. It is convenient, but it also has the disadvantage of requiring someone to put the paper in and take it out. The box frame of this machine is made of plastic or wood. Some transmission components are made of steel. When this machine works, the force applied to it and the force caused by it are very small, so in general it is very simple and safe. Keywords: Gear transmission – rack, rotating disc mechanism – connecting rod – slider, four-hinged mechanism, stamping machine.

In this topic, we applied the Fmincon function to the optimum question when choosing the structure of a 7-bar bearing steel bearing, divided into groups of the same size, including group 1 (1, 2 bars), group 2 (3, 4, and 5 bars), and group 3 (6, and 7 bars) with three fixed head points and two bearing points. Using the Matlab software code, we have identified the structures of each group of steel bars corresponding to the radius of 1.564 cm, 3.509 cm, and 4.724 cm, respectively. Through this, we can identify the 1, 2, and 3 bars that are resistant to traction; the 3, 5, 6, and 7 bars that are subject to compression; and the 4 bars alone that are not subject to the action of the force. The results show that using the optimal method, we choose the different sizes, thicknesses, and volumes of the pipe so that it best suits the technical requirements of the paper, to avoid waste of raw materials, affecting the economic cost.

With the development of information technology and smart technology to meet the Industrial Revolution 4.0, and to meet life requirements. Automatic control devices require high-precision control quality. Therefore, in this paper, we focus on researching the Sliding mode controller to improve the control quality compared to the PID controller. First, the sliding mode control is designed using the Lyapunov algorithm. Next, the process of simulating the position signal of a DC motor with a PID controller is compared with a sliding mode control to prove the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

Thu Dau Mot University is one of the main public education institutions in the South-Eastern region of Vietnam. The vision of the university is to adopt innovative teaching methodologies to improve education quality and attract more students. Thu Dau Mot University envisions becoming a smart university as one of its long-term strategies in order to be aligned with the smart city orientation of Binh Duong province. The paper evaluates the potential of buiding Thu Dau Mot university model by SWOT analysis. It’s results will serve as a reference for Thu Dau Mot university’s leaders to identifying where are the strengths, the weakenesses, the opportunities and the threats in their process of smart university development. Finally, the paper has provided recommendations to Thu Dau Mot university for becoming a smart university.

The issue of marine pollution in general, as well as pollution brought on by oil spills into the sea, in rivers and lakes, or wastewater from factories, businesses, mechanical repair shops, gas stations, universities, and auto repair shops, is one that the world is currently facing, particularly since when it does, it invariably results in harm to the environment and people. Oil spills result in oil plaques on the ground, in rock crevices, washed up on the coast, a foul smell, a loss of tourism beauty, harm to the ocean's ecosystem, and even equipment damage. equipment, supplies, water transportation, etc. We had to use very expensive oil spill blotting papers at the time. The amount of hair that individuals discard each day is not little, and even when it is burned, it emits unpleasant scents and polluting gases that are harmful to human health. Furthermore, it is very easy to make a hair mat at vehicle wash facilities, school restaurants with big parking lots, and car repair shops. To prevent the majority of the oil from being spilled into the environment, handmade oil-absorbing carpets made of hair materials are laid over the drains in these locations.

Culture plays an important role in shaping the perceptions, beliefs, and experiences of refugees as they navigate decisions and actions in a new society. Based on an analysis of 88 oral history interviews conducted by the Vietnamese American Heritage Foundation (VAHF) with Vietnamese refugees in the US after the war, this paper examines the relationship between culture and social integration, particularly the cultural values that Vietnamese refugees have chosen and promoted to help them adapt quickly and successfully in the new society. Using a thematic analysis method, cultural values such as self-effort, a studious tradition, sacrifice, and intergenerational responsibility help Vietnamese refugees improve their socio-economic status after a period of settlement in the U.S. The stories specifically illustrate how Vietnamese people have applied cultural values to social integration strategies, establishing connections between culture and economic opportunities within the socio-economic conditions of the United States.

This paper is devoted to the study of a nonlinear fractional differential equation with a weakly singular source in Banach space. Using Bielecki type norm, we show that the problem has a unique solution. Furthermore, we introduce a result of the new Ulam-Hyers type stability for the main equation.

ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the security performance of underlay cognitive energy-harvesting relay radio networks (UCEHRRN) through the Monter-Carlo simulation results. The results clarify the influence of critical operating parameters on the security performance of the system. Furthermore, the security capabilities of UCEHRRN have been compared with those of the live transmission system. Moreover, many results show that the security performance of the system is significantly improved. Analysis of the results also shows that UCEHRRN is especially effective when the direct transmission system cannot achieve security due to objective reasons such as path loss, severe fading, and shadowing.