There are many methods and software for simulating materials in practice today, each software or computational method has its own advantages and disadvantages. In the process of studying and researching material simulation, we found that the VASP software combined with the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method is perfect up to this point. Reliability, accuracy, and low resource and time consumption during the calculation process are the standout advantages of this combination. DFT calculations on VASP require the precise construction of input data, including the input files, and it is not necessary to write code to process the output data, which is a significant advantage compared to other methods. Output data is processed through commonly used support software such as Origin and VESTA, which is an advantage of this simulation calculation method.

The application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education is rapidly transforming the teaching and learning landscape in Vietnam. AI technology is being integrated into various educational platforms to provide personalized learning experiences, support educators, and enhance the overall efficiency of the education system. In Vietnam, AI is utilized to develop adaptive learning programs, intelligent tutoring systems, and automated administrative processes. AI-powered tools such as virtual teaching assistants and chatbots are also being employed to offer real-time support and feedback to students. Furthermore, AI-driven data analytics is used to monitor and improve student performance and engagement levels. AI assists teachers in automating grading, reducing assessment time, and enabling speech recognition systems to evaluate students’ English-speaking skills. These innovations contribute to a more dynamic, interactive, and inclusive educational environment. However, challenges such as data privacy concerns, the digital divide, and the demand for a skilled workforce remain significant. Addressing these issues is crucial for the sustainable integration of AI into Vietnam’s education sector.

Digital transformation in education is an inevitable trend and has been increasingly promoted in Vietnam over the past few years. The application of digital games in mathematics instruction not only alleviates students’ stress and pressure but also fosters engagement and motivation in the learning process. This paper clarifies key concepts related to digital games as well as presents a set of principles and a design process for digital games using the web-based application Pink Cat Games. Based on a proposed four-step process, the paper illustrates the design of a digital game integrated with the mathematics curriculum for second grade. The findings of this research are to provide practical guidance for teachers in designing digital educational games, thereby augmenting the effectiveness of their pedagogical practices.

In this study, the Wave Optics chapter, which is part of the General Physics A2 course for first-year Electrical Engineering students at Thu Dau Mot university, will be taught using the KWL (Know-Want to know-Learned) strategy. Creating a three-step KWL instructional process for four major Wave Optics chapter topics, creating learning scenarios that use the KWL strategy, and evaluating the technique's effects on students' critical thinking, active learning, and knowledge retention are all parts of the research objectives. Both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques are used in this study. Two classes were chosen at random: the experimental group (49 students) was taught using the KWL strategy, while the control group (49 students) followed a traditional instructional method. Data were collected through test scores, post-lesson surveys, and classroom observations. The findings show that the experimental group achieved an average score of 7.31, higher than the control group’s 6.13. Post-lesson surveys indicated that all 15 evaluation criteria reached a "Good" level, with mean scores ranging from 4.24 to 4.54. Students responded positively, expressing enjoyment in being able to ask questions, synthesize information, and engage more deeply in learning. The study confirms that the KWL technique is an effective teaching method that enhances instructional quality and promotes students’ active learning skills. This strategy holds potential for broader application across other STEM subjects to maximize learner-centered knowledge acquisition.

This is a descriptive study to find out students’ awareness about the benefits and harm that they have experienced from using the AI tools during their learning process. The study was founded on a survey and an interview among majored-English students at Thu Dau Mot University. The data was then This descriptive study aims at finding out students’ awareness about the benefits and harm that they have experienced from using AI tools during their learning process. A four-section survey including open and closed-ended questions was sent out, and 193 majored-English students at Thu Dau Mot University responded randomly. The striking finding is that although students preferred AI tools to support their learning, they themselves accepted the benefits gained and the challenges faced were just a little over the average. In particular, the participants confirmed that AI tools contribute much to the fast speed of their academic work completion, but AI also makes them passively think, become inflexible, and somewhat limit the ability to equip knowledge for their English language competence.

The paper analyzes the radial distribution power system with the series connection of FACTS devices, which is easily implemented using a formula from the power flow equation (PFE - power flow equation) with the voltage magnitude and power flow on the lines are treated as independent variables. When control variables such as the form of reactive power at nodes and lines are directly manipulated in the formulation, the application of FACTS device control operations in the power system is carried out quickly and directly. Using the ratio matrix at the nodes of a radial distribution system is primarily represented on the main diagonal to reduce computational procedures. All FACTS device models are unified under static stability conditions and can be easily integrated within the new framework through the process of "variable exchange". Using the IEEE standard system, the formulation of the formula is based on the trend on the line - Line Flow Based (LFB) by the author to provide easy implementation with multiple FACTS devices connected in the system and its efficiency.

The rising demand for automation in agriculture and manufacturing necessitates efficient, cost-effective sorting systems to replace labor-intensive manual processes. This paper introduces an innovative system integrating a Siemens S7-1200 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), LabVIEW-based image processing, and OPC (OLE for Process Control) communication for automated tomato sorting. Utilizing real-time vision analysis, the system classifies tomatoes by color and size, offering a low-cost, scalable solution tailored for small-scale industries. A high-resolution camera captures images, processed in LabVIEW using HSV color space and size thresholds, with results relayed via OPC to the PLC, which actuates a stepper motor-driven sorting mechanism. Experimental validation in a controlled setting achieved 92% sorting accuracy and a throughput of 60 tomatoes per minute, surpassing manual sorting in speed and consistency. The modular design supports scalability to other agricultural products, enhancing its practical utility.

Waste in the production process causes waste of resources and resources while not creating real value, which is a major threat, reducing the competitiveness of enterprises. One of the measures that can both improve productivity and reduce costs effectively for enterprises is line balancing. Line balancing effectively maximizes idle time at stations, minimizes the number of workstations as well as uses fewer workers and equipment while still ensuring the company's production output and significantly increases production efficiency. The article focuses on the production line of Vancover Dining chair backrest clusters at Thanh Thang Limited Company. The actual production line still has some problems such as many stages of semi-finished products and too much idle time at some other stages. Therefore, the study proposes a method of rearranging the line in a U-shape to balance the production line to optimize the production process, but also from eliminating non-value-added activities. By reducing waste, enterprises not only save costs but also achieve increased output and shortened production time.

Assessing the current status of solid waste management in the leather footwear industry of Can Sports Vietnam Co., Ltd. in particular to identify urgent issues in solid waste management. Through the assessment process, it was found that the company has implemented well the steps of solid waste management from classification, collection and storage, according to the provisions of law and customers. However, there are still difficulties in management arising from workers' awareness, management costs, and facilities when storing waste. With the amount of solid waste increasing according to production needs, the topic has proposed appropriate solutions such as disseminating detailed instructions on the classification process to workers and establishing reward, and incentive mechanisms for improvement projects to help reduce solid waste in production.

Resistant starch (RS) is an insoluble fibre stable under various food processing conditions, including high temperatures and pH levels. RS has many beneficial effects on human health, such as positive effects on digestive tract activity, microflora, blood cholesterol levels, glycemic index, diabetes control, increased satiety and effective weight loss. Recently, RS has emerged as a comprehensive health improvement solution. This report helps to clarify the basis of the effects and applications of this type of starch.

The objective of this paper is to describe the empty calories consumption using the application of some behavior change models (theories). The alarming rise in empty calories consumption, encompassing fast foods, junk foods, and ultra-processed foods, poses a significant threat to global public health. This review synthesizes existing literature on the prevalence, health implications, and determinants of empty calories consumption. Findings reveal a robust link between empty calories intake and various chronic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. The socio-ecological model (SEM) provides a framework for understanding the multifaceted influences on empty calories consumption, spanning individual, social, community, organizational, and policy levels. Other related theories are equally important in discerning empty calories consumption nowadays. This paper concludes by advocating for a multi-faceted approach to mitigate empty calories consumption, incorporating targeted interventions at individual, community, and policy levels

Dragon fruit-based wine is a value-added product that enhances the value of domestic agricultural products, especially for those facing challenges in raw form export. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells were immobilized using the Ca-alginate carrier for assessing the influence of Na-alginate and CaCl2 concentrations on the quality of immobilized Ca-alginate beads during wine fermentation. A repeated fermentation study was conducted to determine the efficiency and stability of immobilized beads in dragon fruit-based wine fermentation. The results indicated that the immobilized Ca-alginate beads exhibited good fermentation efficiency with 3% Na-alginate and 2% CaCl2 concentrations. Moreover, the fermentation efficiency was maintained through at least four fermentation cycles. The immobilized yeast cells contributed to the production of wine with favorable qualities in terms of color and taste, meeting the standards in laboratory-scale TCVN 3215-79. These findings underscore the potential of cell immobilization technology using Ca-alginate carriers in the fermentation process of dragon fruit- based wine. This technology significantly enhances the value and diversifies the range of Vietnamese agricultural products, mainly dragon fruit

This paper presents a method for liquid level stabilization using a fuzzy logic algorithm implemented on the PLC S7-1200. Maintaining liquid levels accurately is a critical requirement in various industrial processes to ensure safety, efficiency, and consistent product quality. The proposed approach employs fuzzy logic to manage the inherent nonlinearities and uncertainties in the system, providing robust control performance under varying operating conditions. The fuzzy controller is designed with rules and membership functions tailored to the dynamic characteristics of the liquid level system. The control logic is programmed and deployed on the Siemens PLC S7-1200, a widely used industrial automation device. Experimental results demonstrate that the fuzzy logic controller effectively stabilizes the liquid level, achieving better performance compared to traditional PID controllers in terms of response time, overshoot, and steady-state error. This study highlights the potential of integrating fuzzy logic with PLCs for advanced industrial automation applications.

Athletes often need to have good English skills to communicate with foreigners for different purposes. As known, many athletes are not able to speak English fluently. To enhance the national athletes’ English proficiency, the governmental institutions arrange various English courses for them. This study reflects the long-term (over seven years) teaching process of English to the athletes in terms of the English course content, namely General English and Sports English, topics, local teacher vs foreign teacher, teaching methods, evaluation criteria, implementation of visual means and AI. The study results are based on the teachers’ observational method and students’ feedback. Most students liked the English course because they could speak English through discussions and conversations and learn new vocabulary, including General English and Sports English (ESP). The students liked the lessons’ topics (e.g. hotel/restaurant reservation, shopping, ordering food, and sports injuries) which were usually taught using PPTs, handouts, Youtube, and Kahoot. AI as ChatGPT, Perplexity, Grammarly, Alexa, etc. was recently implemented in the teaching of athletes as well, facilitating the teaching and learning process and making it more effective and fun. Most athlete students were satisfied to have both a local and foreign teacher for the former could provide explanations in Chinese and the latter could help them to overcome the language barrier and gain confidence in speaking English. Most of the athlete students were motivated to improve their English to communicate internationally.

This paper focuses on the application of the two-step flow theory in university admission communication strategies, particularly in the context of university autonomy in Vietnam. The two-step flow theory, developed by Katz and Lazarsfeld (1955), emphasizes the role of opinion leaders in transmitting messages from the information source to the target audience. In addition to analyzing the core elements of the theory and the methods of identifying and utilizing influential individuals within the educational community, this study proposes solutions for applying digital tools to support communication processes. These solutions include optimizing content and search engine tools, organizing both online and offline communication events, and closely coordinating with opinion leaders to implement proactive, flexible, and creative admission communication campaigns that are sustained throughout the process. Consequently, the study aims to enhance the quality of university admissions in the context of digital transformation

The cold gas dynamic spraying (CGDS) method enables the application of coatings with various functional properties to nearly any substrate material, facilitates the restoration of geometric dimensions of parts damaged during use, and allows for the renewal of protective anticorrosive coatings without the need for complex structural dismantling. This review describes the latest developments in the processes and applications of CGDS technology.The ease and manufacturability of the process, along with the mobility of CGDS coating systems, make it suitable for use both in industrial settings with robotic systems and in "field" environments.

The papain-like protease (PLPro) is a highly conserved, non-structural protein that plays a crucial role in the formation of the replication-transcription complex and the processing of polyproteins in SARS-CoV-2, as well as improving the host’s antiviral immune responses against said virus. Chalcone is a common ingredient, which can be found in a multitude of natural substances, such as food and herbs. It has been proven to have various biological activities, including antiviral effects. Previous studies have identified several natural chalcone-based compounds with the ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 by targeting the PLPro enzyme. Based on these findings, this study investigated potential chalcone-derived PLPro inhibitors, as retrieved from Pubchem and in-house libraries. Virtual screening protocols, specifically molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulating filter, were applied to reach the desired goal. As a result, 1448 out of 1454 chalcone derivatives can effectively bind to SARS-CoV-2 via PLPro. The 5 substances with the most suitable docking score and binding mode were selected for the next step. Through MD, CID1021201513 and CID101585417 showed the greatest potential in targeting PLPro. However, further in vitro and in vivo studies must be conducted before the bio-activities of these chalcones against SARS-CoV-2 can be confirmed. Furthermore, the ligand-protein interaction mode analysed in this research can help design effective chalcone derivatives.

This study focused on the wastewater treatment system in Thu Dau Mot City, Binh Duong, aiming to assess its operational effectiveness. The research was carried out over a period of six weeks, with data collected at regular intervals during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th weeks. The results demonstrate that the treatment process is highly efficient, achieving impressive removal rates across multiple parameters. Specifically, the average treatment efficiency for color was 93.10%, TSS (total suspended solids) was 98.62%, COD (chemical oxygen demand) reached 93.24%, BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) was 99.28%, NH4+ (ammonium) removal was 99.16%, while total nitrogen and total phosphorus were treated at 87.80% and 86.57%, respectively. Notably, the system exhibited the highest performance in coliform removal, with an actual treatment efficiency of 99.62%.

This research provided a comprehensive linguistic analysis of translation practices applied to two articles on "Advances in Nuclear Fusion and Its Application," employing Halliday's Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) as the primary analytical framework. The study meticulously examined the contextual, grammatical, and cohesion aspects of the English source text from The Guardian and its Vietnamese counterpart from VietnamNet. Through comparative analysis, the study identified key linguistic phenomena, translation challenges, and strategic decisions made during the translation process. This research contributes to the field by offering insights into the complexities of translating scientific and technical content between English and Vietnamese, highlighting the role of the SFL in achieving accurate and contextually appropriate translations.

Tan An was a former province in the Mekong Delta, now part of Long An Province, Vietnam. During the Vietnamese resistance against French colonialism (1945-1954), in addition to military, political, and economic activities, Tan An province vigorously organized and developed general education, becoming a highlight of the educational movement during the war in southern Vietnam. Using the methods of writing educational history and oral history, this article outlines the process of organizing and conducting general education in Tan An and its impact on the local resistance efforts. The results show that despite continuous warfare, general education activities in Tan An persisted, achieving significant accomplishments in eradicating illiteracy, raising public awareness, developing teaching staff, and constructing schools and classrooms suitable for wartime conditions. The educational development process in Tan An provides valuable lessons for building and developing general education during wartime, including experiences in leveraging the tradition of self-reliance to advance education and mobilizing community contributions when the state focused all resources on the war effort.

Sustainable development is a crucial issue that has been particularly emphasized by the Party and the Government of Vietnam, especially in areas with a large population of ethnic minorities. The Southern Central Highlands is currently home to nearly 50 ethnic groups, among which local ethnic minorities such as the Ê Đê, K’ho, and M’nông are striving to develop their economy, culture, and society sustainably. However, this development process faces numerous challenges from both objective and subjective factors, including natural conditions, government development policies, ethnic psychology, and religious factors. At present, Catholicism and Protestantism are the two main religions within the ethnic minority communities of the Southern Central Highlands. Introduced to the region from the late 19th to early 20th century, these two religions flourished in the second half of the 20th century and have become major elements in the spiritual lives of the communities. Religion has had and continues to have significant impacts on the economic, cultural, and social development of local ethnic minorities, contributing positively to the process of sustainable development. This article uses data collected from the community through participant observation, in-depth interviews, and survey questionnaires to analyze the impact of religion on the economic, cultural, environmental, and social aspects of local ethnic minorities in the South Central Highlands in the context of sustainable development.

As the number of healthcare facilities increases, stringent management of wastewater treatment systems becomes imperative. This study investigates a wastewater treatment system designed for a general clinic in Bình Dương Province, Vietnam, which complies with Vietnamese environmental standards. The clinic, located in Bến Cát City, serves approximately 200 patients per day and generates an average wastewater volume of 1.7m³/day. The treatment system, with a capacity of 10m³/day, employs a combination of biological and chemical methods, including anoxic and aerobic processes, to efficiently reduce pollutants. Results indicate that the treated wastewater meets the QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, column A standards, ensuring minimal environmental impact when discharged into the Thi Tinh River. The study demonstrates the system's effectiveness in managing hospital wastewater, contributing to environmental protection and public health.

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the wastewater management system implemented at a medical center located within the Bau Bang Industrial Park in Binh Duong province, Vietnam. With a staff of 166 and 60 beds, the facility operates in accordance with TCVN 4470:2012 General Hospital design standards, serving a diverse range of water demands including domestic, medical, and auxiliary requirements. The wastewater management system is meticulously designed to handle both rainwater and wastewater separately. Rainwater is efficiently collected through surface and roof drainage networks, while domestic and medical wastewater undergo discrete collection processes. The medical center's wastewater treatment facility, operating at a capacity of 100 m³/day, employs a multistage treatment process to ensure compliance with stringent regulatory standards (QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, column B, K = 1). This process includes preliminary treatment, anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment, membrane filtration, and disinfection. The facility consistently meets quality parameters outlined in QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT, exhibiting effective removal rates for organic pollutants, suspended solids, ammonia, phosphates, and pathogens. Furthermore, the medical center demonstrates commendable environmental stewardship through its stormwater drainage infrastructure, which integrates seamlessly with the local drainage network, safeguarding against environmental contamination. Overall, the wastewater management practices at the medical center exemplify best practices in environmental management within the healthcare sector. This study provides valuable insights into the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of wastewater treatment systems in industrial settings, contributing to the global discourse on sustainable wastewater management practices.

Advanced materials have been of interest in recent years because of their outstanding properties that bring many useful applications to humans, they can be highly compatible with alternative materials. In particular, coating materials on HAp base increase the biocompatibility of HAp. In this study, we synthesize TiO2/HAp composite materials using the sol - gel method. Samples were made under different synthesis conditions in terms of HAp/TTIP ratios: (1:1); (1:1.5); (1:2); (1:2.5); (1:3). Factors affecting the synthesis process, such as the incubation time and pH of the solution, were also investigated. The optimal conditions for the synthesis process are the ratio HAp/TTIP: 1 gram HAp with 2 ml TTIP; stirring time: 16 hours; pH of the gel solution: pH = 0.5, as determined from the analysis of the X-ray diffraction spectrum and SEM surface morphology. The research results are the basis for research on biomedical materials.